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Does Scientific and Technological Development lead to a Fundamental Change of the Mechanisms of Power Exercising?

100%
Wozniak T.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
|
2007
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vol. 43
|
issue 1(171)
29-46
EN
The author analyses the arguments presented by Alvin Toffler for his thesis that scientific and technological development leads to a fundamental change of the way power is exercised. He argues that these arguments are weak and most of them are simply false. For example, there is no evidence of 'de-materialization' of production (the use of materials by developed countries is slowly increasing) or 'de-massification' of society. The popularity of 'post-industrial' views presented by Toffler seems to be an interesting symptom of cognitive helplessness of society toward technological change. At the end of article the author points out main reasons why Toffler's views contribute to legitimisation of capitalism and hegemony of the United States.
2

ANALÝZA POZÍCIE SLOVENSKEJ EKONOMIKY PODĽA TECHNOLOGICKEJ A POZNATKOVEJ NÁROČNOSTI

100%
Gabrielová H.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
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2005
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vol. 53
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issue 3
243-260
EN
The study is focused on defining the position of the Slovak economy in terms of its technology and knowledge intensity catching up with the EU countries' level. The differences between economies are quantified by a share of more or less technology and knowledge intensive segments on total employment, value added and foreign trade. Analysis indicated that Slovakia comparing with EU 15 markedly lags behind in the development of knowledge intensive services and henceforth it keeps a considerably higher share of low and medium-low tech industries; the most remarkable differences have been discovered in the share of high technology manufactures on exports. Therefore, supporting of technology catching up has to become an important part of fulfilling the convergence objectives of Slovakia.
3

Development of new Technologies, Innovations and Corporate Governance

80%
Brockhoff K.
Organization and Management
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2006
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issue 4(126)
3-33
EN
This article shows that empirical research supports the existence of a relationship between corporate governance and technological change. This relationship can be split into two parts: a strategic choice relationship, where governance impacts technological change, and a technological imperative relationship, where the reverse can be observed. These relationships modify the direct influences of technological change as well as corporate governance on economic success. Therefore, regulators should be aware that by shaping governance structures they also affect the competitiveness of corporations. However, since not enough knowledge is available to design optimum governance systems that would fit all sorts of corporate objectives, it is argued that corporations should be allowed to choose from a pre-defined set of governance structures without having to change the location of their headquarters. The proof for the existence of the two relationships in question is marred by numerous problems of measurement and analysis. Thus, substantial research into this field is suggested.
4

EU accession and Hungary's strategy for research and development and for technological innovation

80%
Losoncz M.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2008
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vol. 55
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issue 2
169-182
EN
Hungary's room for manoeuvre in economic policy changed in many areas with its entry into the European Union. Several new dimensions were gained in its system of economic-policy means and institutions: participation in coordinating Community economic policy, adoption of common and Community policy, and joining in its development, or even its elaboration. The study examines what scope Community policy on research and development and on technological innovation gives Hungary and how far the country can meet the Community political requirements. How much does Community and Hungarian R and D and technological innovation policy embody the approaches of latest theory on the subject? What relation do the Community and the Hungarian approach bear to each other? The author begins by presenting the Community system of requirements. Then comes a short assessment, followed by an analysis of the requirements of Hungary's policy on R and D and technological innovation, and finally a summary of conclusions and proposals.
5

Technological and institutional changes on the labour market and in corporate organization. A comparison of Western and East-Central Europe

80%
Kapas J., Czegledi P.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
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2008
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vol. 55
|
issue 4
308-332
EN
A framework for understanding the interconnections of technological and institutional changes is offered by a theory that rests on the technological-economic paradigm. For harmony between the new technology and the institutions develops only through a slow process of institutional transformation. The technological change of paradigm in the American system of institutions has brought far better adaptation to the info-communication revolution than Europe's has. The study presents in two fields - the labour market and corporate organization - how the leading post-socialist and West-European countries alike have faced the problem of providing an institutional system suited to the consequences of the info-communications revolution.
6

THE ECONOMICS OF IT CLOUDS - COMPETITION AMONG BUSINESS MODELS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (Az informatikai felhok gazdasagtana - uzleti modellek versenye az informatikaban)

80%
Bogel G.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2009
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vol. 56
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issue 7/8
673-688
EN
The info-communication sector has not been unaffected by the economic crisis either. Many people seek the innovation capacity to start growth in the computer cloud, presenting an innovation complex formed from a complex of technical and institutional elements that pushes the sector in the direction of internet services. The development of internet services so far has come in several waves. One important attribute of the present stage is the appearance on the market of vast 'IT power plants' that operate like public utilities. The competitiveness of the new service-based business model is affected by numerous technical and economic factors. The services of the IT clouds also feature large in the development plans of the EU. The service model and the new technological platform that supports it may bring several radical changes in the economy and society, for example in corporate management, among small and medium-sized companies, and in public admin­istration, health care and education.
7

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FROM UNIVERSITIES AND THE STRUCTURE OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH NETWORKS (Egyetemi tudastranszfer es a nemzetkozi kutatasi halozatok szerkezete)

80%
Varga A., Parag A.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
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2009
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vol. 56
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issue 4
343-358
EN
The geography of knowledge transfers from universities to industrial innovation has been widely researched and published. One crucial finding is that the effectiveness of university/industry knowledge-related linkages is determined largely by several external factors, such as agglomeration, entrepreneurship and local business culture. However, the interest of researchers has turned to the issue of the relations between embeddedness in research networks and knowledge transfers from universities. The relations between networking and patenting is interesting first in relation to the fact that research productivity is strongly linked to scientific networking and secondly because university patenting and quality research results do not necessary contradict to each other. This paper analyses the impact of the international publication network structure (concentration, size and degree of integration) on university patenting within the knowledge production function tradition, using recent data from several research units of the University of Pécs, Hungary.
8

Techniknostalgie als Forschungsfeld

70%
Boehn A.
Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)
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2009
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vol. 31
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issue 3-4
173-197
EN
Nostalgia is a characteristic of our time, and it extends more and more also to technology. Rapid technological change is as well a cause of modernisation and related social developments as a cause of reluctance to new technologies and nostalgic longing for the past. Good examples for this phenomenon are media technologies. As media are part of the world of our everyday life they are also object of personal memories. Changing and developing in the flux of time, they are no more what they used to be in a former stage of our life. Therefore they form part of an expanding culture of memory, with aspects of musealization and nostalgia. This nostalgia of the media does not only extend to the material remains (media archives, personal collections etc.) but also to their specific way of appearance and representation, the way they let us see the world generated by them. Media do increasingly devote themselves to this nostalgia of the media, which means that they rely to different historic versions of themselves or of other media. Therefore nostalgia of the media in the media is a way of self-reference of the media, because media refer to themselves as subject to historic development, remembrance, oblivion, destruction etc. But nevertheless a nostalgic attitude towards media technologies, as in the case of other technologies as well, does not exclude openness for new technological developments, but may also very well coexist with the latter.
9
Content available remote

EFFECTS OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION (MNC) PENETRATION ON THE GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY. RE-ANALYSIS OF THE RECURRENT SOCIOLOGICAL PROPOSITION WITH CONTEMPORARY DATA

61%
Tausch A., Heshmati A.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2012
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vol. 44
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issue 3
314 – 347
EN
In this essay we reconsider the effects of direct foreign investments on the host countries around the globe. A number of sociological analyses (Bandelji 2009; Mahutga – Bandelji 2008), already applied such a question to Central and Eastern Europe (CEE): Is the growing penetration of host countries of multinational investment heralding the promised gains of stable economic growth and social cohesion, or is social polarization around the corner instead? In our re-analysis with contemporary data of one of the most influential essays ever published in the international sociology (Bornschier – Chase-Dunn – Rubinson 1978), which predicted that direct foreign investment would increase economic inequality and that it would have a short-term dynamic, but a long-term stagnation effect on the economic growth of the host countries (Bornschier – Chase-Dunn – Rubinson 1978: 651), we re-confirm the main thrust of the sceptical hypotheses on multinational corporation (MNC) penetration. We also show that on the global level and in the 183 countries analysed there is indeed a very strong connection between foreign capital penetration in the mid-1990s on the one hand and rising inequality, deficient life expectancy, rising unemployment, and a deficient under five mortality rate in the first decade of the new Millennium on the other. Economic growth in the contemporary period (2010) is also being determined negatively by the long-term effects of multinational corporation penetration in the mid-1990s, while in the period between 1990 and 2005 the effect was positive. Thus we confirm that the approach, established by Bandelji 2009 and Mahutga and Bandelji 2008, is a valid one, and can be generalized on a global level.
10

ECONOMIC INTERPRETATIONS OF SUSTAINABILITY (A fenntarthatosag kozgazdasagtani ertelmezesei)

61%
Malovics G., Bajmocy Z.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2009
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vol. 56
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issue 5
464-483
EN
Strongly different approaches to sustainability appear side by side in economics. The differences, the study argues, are not worth examining in terms of strong and weak dimensions of sustainability, as often occurs in professional debate. The distinction has much more to do with two clear schools of thought on the relation between nature and the economy - neo-classical environmental economics resting on welfare foundations, and ecological economics - though the dividing line is not always a sharp one. It is concluded that ecological economics makes cogent criticisms of the sustainability-related views and methods of environmental economics, often offering methodologically clear solutions as an alternative to these.
11

CONVERGENCE AND GROWTH RATE (Konvergencia es novekedesi utem)

61%
Dedak I., Dombi A.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2009
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vol. 56
|
issue 1
19-45
EN
The study examines empirically the assumed process of convergence by the Central-East European (CEE) countries according to the expanded Solow model of human resources. The authors estimate the speed of convergence derived from capital accumulation for nine CEE countries in 1997-2006, based on several samples and model variations. Economic convergence of the post-socialist countries begins with a far from stationary level of income, which raises several problems with the methodology employed traditionally in mainstream literature. So the first half of the study examines also from a theoretical angle the subject of the speed of convergence, with special attention to actual growth rates.
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