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WYBÓR, KONTROLA I REFLEKSJA. KATEGORIA SPRAWSTWA W BADANIACH MIGRACYJNYCH

100%
Trąbka A.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
|
2016
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vol. 42
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issue 3 (161)
81-102
PL
Artykuł niniejszy poświęcony jest wykorzystaniu kategorii sprawstwa w badaniach migracyjnych. Przyjmuję w nim założenie sprawstwa w ramach struktury społecznej oraz dualizmu struktury i sprawstwa wywiedzione z koncepcji Margaret Archer. Wskazuję na różne sposoby rozumienia i przejawiania się strukturalnych uwarunkowań zarówno na poziomie makrospołecznym (polityka migracyjna, polityka edukacyjna), jak i na poziomie mezo- i mikrospołecznym (uwarunkowania lokalne, rodzinne) oraz intrapsychicznym, a także ukazuję próby uzyskania lub odzyskania sprawstwa przez uczestników badania. Koncentrując się na subiektywnym aspekcie sprawstwa, analizuję pod tym kątem biografie wielokrotnych migrantów. Wykorzystane w artykule wywiady biograficzne pochodzą z projektu badawczego poświęconego słabo znanej w polskiej literaturze kategorii migrantów, jaką są osoby migrujące w dzieciństwie ze swoimi rodzicami dyplomatami, pracownikami międzynarodowych korporacji czy specjalistami wyjeżdżającymi na zagraniczne kontrakty. Osoby te, określane w literaturze mianem Third Culture Kids, coraz częściej stają się przedmiotem zainteresowania badaczy migracji.
EN
This paper is focused on the use of the notion of “agency” in migration studies. I take the perspective of “agency in the frames of social structure” and of the dualism of agency and structure inspired by Margaret Archer’s theory. I indicate different ways of understanding structural conditions and their manifestations on the macro-, meso- and micro level, as well as in the intrapsychic dimension. I also analyse diverse ways ofgaining and keeping sense of agency in one’s life. Concentrating on the subjective aspect of agency I explore biographies of serial migrants. The narrative interviews analysed in this paper were conducted in the frames of a research project dedicated to Third Culture Kids, i.e. people who migrated in childhood and youth with their parents, who followed mobile careers. This category of migrants, rather unknown in Poland, attracts more and more interest on the part of researchers.
2
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BIOGRAFICZNE KONSEKWENCJE MIĘDZYNARODOWEJ MOBILNOŚCI W DZIECIŃSTWIE: PRZYPADEK THIRD CULTURE KIDS

99%
Trąbka A.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
|
2013
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vol. 39
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issue 2(148)
51-70
EN
This article concernes Third Culture Kids (TCKs), i.e. persons, who due their parents’ work spent a significant period of their childhood or school years in a different country than that of their parents. Due to the fact that in today’s globalizing world more and more people experience working abroad and many of them are accompanied by their families, the issue of the consequences of such a mobile and multicultural childhood becomes extremely important. The author has conducted 53 biographical interviews with adult Third Culture Kids. The biographical consequences of moving in one’s childhood are analyzed in a few spheres: professional life, social relations, psychological problems, and identity construction. TCKs are most often from the families of diplomats, professionals working abroad on contracts, employees of international firms. The vast majority of them has tertiary education and chooses a career which gives independence, the possibility to travel and capitalize cultural competences, which one has acquired thanks to his or her upbringing. Unfortunately, such a lifestyle since childhood is associated with the risk of psychological (ranging from the lack of embeddedness to depression) and social (e.g. sense of alienation, difficulties in engaging in deeper relations) problems. Building a coherent and long-lasting identity is also a challenge for Third Culture Kids. The author describes means of dealing with the above-mentioned problems.
3
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BEING CHAMELEON: THE INFLUENCE OF MULTIPLE MIGRATION IN CHILDHOOD ON IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION

99%
Trąbka A.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2014
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vol. 40
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issue 3(153)
87-106
EN
This paper focuses on the identity strategies of people who experienced multiple migrations in their childhood. They are sometimes, especially in the USA, referred to as Third Culture Kids (TCK). The author claims that serial migration is connected with some challenges as well as with unique opportunities. The former encompass sense of temporariness, feeling uprooted, difficulties with building deep and stable relationships and constructing cohesive identity. Obviously not every TCK experiences this challenges, and some TCKs cope very well with them, but these are problems mentioned most often by participants of this research. On the other hand however such lifestyle enables young migrants to gain cultural and linguistic competences. In this paper identity dilemmas and strategies in three dimensions are highlighted: agency and control over one’s life, cohesion and continuity and social relations. The paper is based on 53 biographical interviews with adult TCKs of different nationalities.
4
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WHO AM I, WHERE DO I BELONG, WHAT IS MY FAITH? PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SPIRITUAL PROBLEMS OF THIRD CULTURE KIDS

85%
Zakrzewska-Wirkus: K.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2014
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vol. 40
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issue 3(153)
129-138
EN
The following paper concerns the topic of cross-cultural transition of Third Culture Kids and its determinants: personality, attachment style and religiosity. Third Culture Kids are understood in accordance with David Pollock and Van Reken as those who at least part of their childhood spent abroad. The results of the conducted research suggest that personality, measured by the Rorschach Inkblot Test, strongly determines emotional, cognitive and behavioral aspects of the process. Factors such as: anxiety and lack of emotional stability seem to be of great importance. Moreover, during cross-cultural transition the attachment style, developed in relations with parents or other attachment figures, strongly determines the building of relationships abroad. High distress, part and parcel of the process, brings out dysfunctional character of attachment style. Other typical traces mentioned in monograph devoted to Third Culture Kids by Pollock and Van Reken, as: problems with decision making and identity, lacking sense of belonging, unresolved grief, were also evidenced in my research. Religion and spirituality might be used as a coping strategy during cross-cultural transition. However, it seems very often not to be perceived as such or neglected by interviewees in the research.
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