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1
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Primary School Pupils’ Attitude toward Mathematics and Their Achievement in Mathematics

100%
Konarzewski K.
The New Educational Review
|
2019
|
vol. 56
17-28
EN
International data from TIMSS 2015 show a significant negative correlation between the country mean attitude toward mathematics and the mean achievement in mathematics of fourth grade pupils. The aim of the paper is to decide whether it is a statistical artifact or an indication of a real factor operating at the country level. The multilevel regression analysis of the data attests the latter. The factor is hypothetically identified with country typical pressure for knowledge acquisition. Strong pressure is conducive to high achievement but it puts pupils under stress, which lowers the attitude. The reverse holds for weak pressure. Within country, the variability of pressure for knowledge acquisition is restricted, hence pupils may maintain psychological coherence between achievement and attitude.
2

Dwucyfrowe kodowanie zadań z matematyki

89%
Sułowska A., Karpiński M.
Edukacja
|
2012
|
issue 3(119)
75-86
PL
Różne stosowane na świecie sposoby oceniania zadań na egzaminach końcowych dają informacje o osiągnięciach uczniów, pozwalają porównywać wyniki szkół, nie pozwalają jednak na formułowanie wniosków o koniecznych modyfikacjach metod nauczania. Istnieją jednak metody oceniania zadań, które pozwalają nie tylko opisać osiągnięcia i niepowodzenia uczniów, ale także umożliwiają ocenę przyczyn tych niepowodzeń. Jedną z takich metod oceniania zadań otwartych rozbudowanej odpowiedzi jest kodowanie dwucyfrowe (double-digit coding). Stosowana jest ona w niektórych międzynarodowych badaniach edukacyjnych. W artykule przedstawiamy pierwsze Polskie doświadczenia związane z zastosowaniem tej metody: zadanie z matematyki oraz klucz kodowy, na podstawie którego odbywało się jego ocenianie. Przedstawiamy również doświadczenia zdobyte podczas przygotowywania klucza kodowego i podczas jego zastosowania w procesie oceniania oraz płynące stąd wnioski.
EN
Various methods are used worldwide to evaluate student solutions to examination tasks. Usually the results simply provide information about student competency and after aggregation, are also used as a tool of making comparisons between schools. In particular, the standard evaluation methods do not allow conclusions to be drawn about possible improvements of teaching methods. There are however, task assessment methods which not only allow description of student achievement, but also possible causes of failure. One such method, which can be applied to extended response tasks, is double-digit coding which has been used in some international educational research. This paper presents the first Polish experiences of applying this method to examination tasks in mathematics, using a special coding key to carry out the evaluation. Lessons learned during the coding key construction and its application in the assessment process are described.
3

Wiek startu szkolnego a osiągnięcia w nauce w okresie wczesnoszkolnym

89%
Konarzewski K.
Edukacja
|
2013
|
issue 4(124)
5–19
PL
W celu oszacowania związku między osiągnięciami szkolnymi a względnym i bezwzględnym wiekiem uczniów poddano analizie dane 101 519 średnio dziesięcioletnich uczniów z 5585 oddziałów 25 krajów Europy biorących udział w międzynarodowym pomiarze osiągnięć szkolnych IEA TIMSS 2011. W hierarchicznej analizie regresji zmienną zależną były osiągnięcia w matematyce i przyrodoznawstwie, a zmiennymi niezależnymi – względny wiek ucznia w oddziale klasowym i średni wiek oddziału. Efekt względnego wieku okazał się silniejszy niż w badaniach ignorujących podział uczniów na oddziały, mimo że najstarsi i najmłodsi w oddziale urodzili się w różnych porach roku. Efekt względnego wieku zależał od średniej wieku w oddziale: w oddziałach najmłodszych był najsilniejszy, a w najstarszych – nieodróżnialny od zera. Średnia osiągnięć (zwłaszcza w przyrodoznawstwie) była wyższa w oddziałach starszych niż w młodszych.
EN
The study investigated the relationships between school achievement and pupil age at entry into first grade and age relative to the class. Data from 101 519 grade 4 pupils were selected from TIMSS 2011 achievement data in mathematics and science, collected from national samples of 25 European countries. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the effect of class relative age was greater than the effect of grade relative age and it was significantly higher in younger than older classes. Average achievement (especially in science) was better in older classes.
4
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O matematycznych wynikach polskich trzecioklasistów w badaniach TIMSS

89%
Dąbrowski M.
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
|
2013
|
vol. 9
|
issue 4(23)
32-28
EN
In 2011, Polish schoolchildren participated in TIMSS research for the first time. The results, considering their mathematical skills, reflect well on the image of Polish primary education which is well known owing to some domestic research performed in recent years; the image which reveals that our schools do not issue to the children any mathematical challenges which would be appropriate to their capabilities, but rather proceed to limit their mathematical experiences and lower the level of expectations in relation to their mathematical competence.
5
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Osiągnięcia szkolne czwartoklasistów w oddziałach o różnym składzie wiekowym

89%
Konarzewski K.
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
|
2017
|
vol. 13
|
issue 3(38)
34-49
EN
Are hopes pinned on mixed-age grouping in preschool and elementary school substantiated by scientific data? The answer was looked for in TIMSS 2015 research in Poland. It was carried on in the middle of the reform of school entry age which lowered it from seven to six year of life. In the country representative sample of fourth-graders 17.8 percent of pupils entered school at the age of six. In 254 classrooms the dispersion of age varied from 0.20 to 0.65 years and was greater than in TIMSS 2011 (0.15–0.40). The analysis of achievement in mathematics and science was performer by means of hierarchical linear models with the control of pupils’ gender, age, initial skills, and SES, as well as school’s location and class size. The achievement in mathematics was correlated significantly negative with the dispersion of age in the class. The younger pupils scored the highest in mathematics and science in classes with moderate dispersion. The results do not support a belief that mixed-age grouping is beneficial to academic achievement.
6

The effect of school entrance age on academic performance

88%
Konarzewski K.
Edukacja
|
2014
|
issue 5(130)
5–18
EN
The study investigated the relationships between school achievement and pupil age at entry into first grade and age relative to the class. Data from 101 519 grade 4 pupils were selected from TIMSS 2011 achievement data in mathematics and science, collected from national samples of 25 European countries. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the effect of class relative age was greater than the effect of grade relative age and it was significantly higher in younger than older classes. Average achievement (especially in science) was better in older classes.
7
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Osiągnięcia przyrodnicze trzecioklasistów w perspektywie międzynarodowej

88%
Konarzewski K.
Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa
|
2013
|
issue 2
51-54
EN
The paper presents elementary school third graders’ science achievement assessed against an international background, and offers some reasons for relatively low position of the Polish students in the world rankings.
8

Double-digit coding of examination math problems

88%
Sułowska A., Karpiński M.
Edukacja
|
2013
|
issue Edukacja. An interdisciplinary approach 1
59–69
EN
Various methods are used worldwide to evaluate student solutions to examination tasks. Usually the results simply provide information about student competency and after aggregation, are also used as a tool of making comparisons between schools. In particular, the standard evaluation methods do not allow conclusions to be drawn about possible improvements of teaching methods. There are however, task assessment methods which not only allow description of student achievement, but also possible causes of failure. One such method, which can be applied to extended response tasks, is double-digit coding which has been used in some international educational research. This paper presents the first Polish experiences of applying this method to examination tasks in mathematics, using a special coding key to carry out the evaluation. Lessons learned during the coding key construction and its application in the assessment process are described.
9
Content available remote

Mezinárodní srovnávací výzkumy školního vzdělávání v České republice: zjištění a výzvy

88%
Potužníková E., Lokajíčková V., Janík T.
Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)
|
2014
|
vol. 24
|
issue 2
185-221
EN
This paper reviews international comparative research studies on educa-tion that have been carried out in the Czech Republic during the last twenty years. It aims to summarize how the findings from international studies are elaborated on in Czech academic literature and what conclusions can be drawn from them. In the first part we provide an overview of the research studies that the Czech Republic participated in. The second part focuses on the issues concerning Czech pupils’ results that were discussed in Czech reviewed papers and monographs. The final part of the paper points towards some ways of using the data and findings from international research further. It can be concluded that the results of Czech pupils in international comparative studies are relatively consistent, although there are certain fluctuations over time. International comparative studies represent a rich reservoir of data for the Czech Republic, whose potential could be used more intensively in the field of didactics in order to develop productive culture of teaching and learning.
10

Differentiation of initial skills in 1st grade and the relative age effect in 3rd grade

75%
Konarzewski K.
Edukacja
|
2017
|
issue 2(2017)
100–112
EN
The paper aims to verify two hypotheses. The first states that the differentiation of initial 1st grade pupil skills is negatively correlated with age at entry to school. This was tested according to findings from the ERI study Six and seven year olds at the start of school. The variation of reading and writing scores of 1164 pupils aged 5.9–7.9 years who were beginning 1st grade decreased in subsequent age quartiles. The second hypothesis – that classroom differentiation of pupils’ initial skills in 1st grade is positively correlated with the birthdate effect in 3rd grade – was tested on data of 4838 pupils from 254 classrooms drawn from the 2011 PIRLS and TIMSS studies in Poland. Skills were evaluated on the basis of parental reports. Hierarchical linear analysis (gender, SES and school location controlled) showed that the greater the differentiation of language skills in 1st grade, the greater the birthdate effect in mathematics in 3rd grade. This result suggests that school entry age is of lesser importance than the methods used to reduce differences in children’s school readiness at the onset of education.
11
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Srovnání žákovské obliby školy a matematiky pohledem mezinárodních šetření

75%
Federičová M., Münich D.
Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)
|
2015
|
vol. 25
|
issue 4
557-582
EN
Pupils’ satisfaction at school and enjoyment of learning increase the intensity of their personal involvement in class, and their identification with the educational process, which can ultimately have a significant positive impact on their educational achievements. The goal of our analysis is a detailed empirical insight on how pupils in the 4th, 8th and 9th to 10th grade enjoy being at school and learning mathematics as provided by various international surveys TIMSS and PISA. In our comparative analysis we focus on the case of the Czech Republic, whose pupils are abnormally unenthusiastic about school and about learning mathematics also in other studies. In the first part we provide detailed international comparison. In the second we focus on school liking for particular groups of pupils and in the third one its linking with factors on the side of schools and teachers. For all countries a gradual decline in enjoyment of school and learning satisfaction in higher grades is typical, with lower levels of enjoyment among boys, and its positive correlation with students’ achievements and the parents’ level of education – especially in higher grades. However, overall, the variation in enjoyment levels that is explainable by factors on the side of teachers and schools and as recorded by the TIMSS is rather low. In comparison with other European countries, we find very low level of enjoyment of school and learning in the Czech Republic due to significantly more negative attitudes of boys. This is mostly pronounced in 8th grades of primary schools where we also identify highly negative attitudes among least performing pupils.
12
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Kritická místa v matematice u českých žáků na základě výsledků šetření TIMSS 2007

75%
Rendl M., Vondrová N.
Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)
|
2014
|
vol. 24
|
issue 1
22-57
EN
The goal of the empirical study is to describe critical areas of primary mathematics as can be found from the Czech Grade 8 pupils’ results in TIMSS 2007 and to identify possible causes of their difficulty for pupils. In the first part, a research background is briefly given – international comparative research in mathematics and possibilities of the secondary analyses of its data. The second part describes methodology in detail. We analysed data from so called TIMSS almanacs (results of Czech pupils at the level of concrete mathematical items from TIMSS and answers of the teacher questionnaire). To interpret possible causes we also used curricular documents and the analysis of the apparently most used primary mathematics textbooks. We set up a criterion for deciding whether the Czech pupils’ results for the given item is below their standard which we determined by comparing their average success rate with that of the international sample. Thus so called weak and very weak items were identified. They were divided into three areas which can be considered critical areas for Czech pupils: Algebra (with subareas of Functions, Substitution, Equations and inequalities, Expressions), Sequences, Shapes and solids. For each of the areas, weak and very weak items are presented together with their results and an outline of the nature of their difficulty for Czech pupils and possible causes of Czech pupils’ failure to solve them. It transpires that it is necessary to get a deeper insight into the nature of problems by clinical interviews with pupils. This will be a topic of further articles.
13

Zróżnicowanie umiejętności początkowych w klasie pierwszej a efekt względnego wieku w klasie trzeciej

71%
Konarzewski K.
Edukacja
|
2015
|
issue 2(133)
85–98
PL
Celem artykułu jest weryfikacja dwóch hipotez. Pierwszą, według której zróżnicowanie umiejętności początkowych w klasie pierwszej jest ujemnie skorelowane z wiekiem startu szkolnego, sprawdzono na danych z badania Sześcio- i siedmiolatków na starcie szkolnym. Dyspersje wyników pomiaru umiejętności czytania i pisania (ale nie umiejętności matematycznych) 1164 dzieci rozpoczynających naukę w klasie pierwszej istotnie malały w kolejnych kwartylach wieku. Drugą hipotezę, zgodnie z którą w oddziale szkolnym efekt względnego wieku w klasie trzeciej jest dodatnio skorelowany ze zróżnicowaniem początkowych umiejętności językowych i liczbowych w klasie pierwszej, sprawdzono na danych 4838 uczniów z 254 oddziałów trzeciej klasy szkoły podstawowej, zebranych w międzynarodowych badaniach osiągnięć szkolnych PIRLS i TIMSS 2011. Umiejętności początkowe oceniono na podstawie opinii rodziców. Hierarchiczna analiza regresji (przy kontroli płci i statusu społeczno-ekonomicznego rodziny ucznia oraz lokalizacji szkoły) wykazała, że im większe było początkowe zróżnicowanie umiejętności językowych w oddziale (przy kontroli wieku uczniów), tym większa była różnica między osiągnięciami matematycznymi młodszych i starszych uczniów w klasie trzeciej. Wynik sugeruje, że pytanie o wiek, w jakim dzieci powinny rozpoczynać naukę w szkole, jest mniej ważne niż pytanie: Jak redukować zróżnicowanie umiejętności początkowych w oddziałach klasy pierwszej?
EN
The paper aims at the verification of two hypotheses. The first states that differentiation of initial grade 1 pupil skills is negatively correlated with age at entry to school. This was tested according to findings from the IBE study Six and seven year olds at the start of school. The variation of reading and writing scores of 1164 pupils aged 5.9–7.9 who were beginning grade 1 decreased in subsequent age quartiles. The second hypothesis – that classroom differentiation of pupils’ initial skills in grade 1 is positively correlated with the birthdate effect in grade 3 – was carried on data of 4838 pupils from 254 classrooms drawn from the PIRLS and TIMSS 2011 study in Poland. Skills were evaluated on the basis of parental reports. Hierarchical linear analysis (gender, SES and school location controlled) showed that the greater the differentiation of language skills in grade 1, the greater the birthdate effect in mathematics in grade 3. This result suggests that school entry age is of lesser importance than the methods used to reduce differences in children’s school readiness at the onset of education.
14
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Empirický výzkum vzdělávání: vystačí naše stávající přístupy zítra?

63%
Prenzel M.
Pedagogická orientace (Journal of the Czech Pedagogical Society)
|
2012
|
vol. 22
|
issue 4
475-489
EN
Empirical educational research as a relatively new field has developed significantly in recent years. The trustworthiness of its findings is rooted in consistent use of sound research methods. The findings are followed and discussed even outside the small community of researchers and taken into account by educational policy makers and in day-to-day practice. Empirical research has to stay on this path and continue to fulfil the demands of critical examination of theory in practice. However, from time to time we must ask ourselves whether the research agenda still corresponds with the current needs and what empirical research should look like in the future. These are the questions we pursue in this paper, which can be read also as a plea for a wider use of various research methods, including mixed methods. After a short review of success of empirical educational research, its financing and expectations that come with it, we will pursue the issue of what research approaches and methods help us gain descriptive knowledge, explanatory knowledge and knowledge for change. Attention is also paid to the significance of knowledge about aims and purposes.
15
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Edukacja matematyczna w Polsce w świetle badań i wyników egzaminów zewnętrznych – wybrane aspekty społeczne

63%
Baczko-Dombi A.
Studia BAS
|
2022
|
issue 2(70)
95-117
EN
The aim of this paper is to describe the current state of selected mathematical achievements of Polish students and the most significant social aspects related to mathematical education and its role in the contemporary world. First, the importance of mathematical competences will be discussed with their role in the curriculum of young people entering the labour market. Then, a diagnosis of the state of mathematics teaching in Poland and the results of key educational research conducted in this field (mainly PIAAC, PISA, TIMSS, and the results of external exams in Poland) will be presented. Finally, the so-called non-cognitive aspects related to mathematical education, such as math anxiety or the role of stereotypes, will be discussed.
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