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FARC-Hezbollah: The success of Venezuela-Iran proxy groups and their convergence in the Americas

100%

Guarin P. J.

Security and Defence Quarterly

2020

vol. 31

issue 4

117-134

Persistence and adaptation are the main characteristics that have allowed FARC and Hezbollah to become perhaps the most successful proxy groups in recent years. Both Iran and Venezuela have sponsored the military, political and criminal actions of these alleged insurgent organisations. The main objective of this research was to identify and conceptualise the mitotic evolution of FARC and Hezbollah from purely armed organisms into consolidated political organisations in Colombia and Lebanon, and how this evolution has presented a criminal convergence in Venezuela based on drug trafficking and money laundering. This article is based on a comparative case-study of published research papers, documents, and official statements of FARC and Hezbollah, by applying a rational perspective that allows their performance to be deduced. The research results showed a constant mutation of these hybrid threats. Thus, not only was the political and military success of these organisations established but also the strategic support of a criminal dimension which converged in Venezuela, where the FARC drug trafficking and Hezbollah money laundering were amalgamated. Consequently, the investigation exposes the possible consequences of the FARC-Hezbollah criminal convergence in the Americas and its destabilising effects in the next decade.

PRODUCTION-LOGISTIC SYSTEM IN THE ASPECT OF STRATEGIES FOR PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL AND FOR LOGISTIC CUSTOMER SERVICE

83%

Hadaś Ł., Stachowiak A., Cyplik P.

LogForum

2014

vol. 10

issue 3

331-349

Background: The authors made multi-dimensional review of production and logistic strategies in order to prove their coherence in shaping internal and external supply chain. The paper is concluded with definition of production-logistic system as an object of modeling in transformation of business systems of manufacturing companies. Material and methods: The paper is based on analysis of state of the art presented in the literature on the subject of production and logistics strategies. Publications of key importance were selected to identify genesis and basic assumptions of strategies and their functioning. Comparative synthesis of logistic and production strategies identified is developed with respect to authors' experience in application of predefined tools and methods characteristic for strategies identified. Results: The result of the work conducted is consolidation of production and logistic strategies according to multi-variant customer service and original definition of production and logistic system. Conclusions: Production system and logistic system can and should be treated as equal elements in context of material flows management in internal and external supply chains. Such approach enables modeling of both systems as coherent elements realizing selected strategy of customer service.

Wstęp: Autorzy dokonali wielowymiarowego przeglądu strategii produkcyjnych i logistycznych w celu wykazania ich spójności w kształtowaniu wewnętrznego i zewnętrznego łańcucha dostaw. Artykuł kończy sformułowanie definicji systemu produkcyjno-logistycznego jako obiektu modelowania w transformacji systemów biznesowych przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych. Metody: Artykuł oparto o analizę literaturową strategii produkcyjnych oraz logistycznych. Przeanalizowano wybrane kluczowe publikacje związane z genezą powstania strategii oraz podstawowych założeń ich funkcjonowania. Syntezę porównawczą strategii logistycznych i produkcyjnych dokonano na podstawie doświadczeń autorów w kwestii zastosowania wybranych narzędzi i metod charakterystycznych dla omawianych strategii. Wyniki: Rezultatem prac jest konsolidacja strategii produkcyjnych i logistycznych zgodnie z orientacją na wielowariantową obsługę klienta oraz autorska definicja systemu produkcyjno-logistycznego. Wnioski: System produkcyjny i system logistyczny można traktować jako równorzędne elementy w kontekście zarządzania przepływem strumieni materiałowych w wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych łańcuchach dostaw. Tak określone podejście pozwala modelować oba systemy jako spójne elementy realizujące wybraną strategię obsługi klienta.

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FARC-Hezbollah: The success of Venezuela-Iran proxy groups and their convergence in the Americas

PRODUCTION-LOGISTIC SYSTEM IN THE ASPECT OF STRATEGIES FOR PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL AND FOR LOGISTIC CUSTOMER SERVICE