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1

Transliterace a transkripce hebrejštiny: základní problémy a návrhy jejich řešení

100%
Cech P., Sladek P.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
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2009
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vol. 132
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issue 3-4
305-339
EN
Transliteration and transcription of Hebrew into Latin script presents a number of difficulties for a Czech native speaker. Unlike the speakers of major European languages, the Czech milieu manifests strong linguistic purism and requires the transliteration or transcription system to communicate faithfully the specific features of Hebrew phonology. Simultaneously, the Czech editors often resist to the use of the Hebrew script even in scholarly publications, emphasizing the necessity of respecting the larger public. The present study addresses the fundamental problems of transliterating and transcribing Hebrew into Czech. We deal with those phonologic patterns of various layers of Hebrew that do not have their direct equivalent in Czech phonology (e.g. the gutturals 'ayyin or h.et) and focus the issues that are subject of frequent discussions in the Czech academic circles (the fluid character of shewah mobile and its transcription). So far the problem of transfer of Hebrew into Czech was never dealt with systematically. Various systems were suggested ad hoc for the purpose of particular publications. Such systems were never accepted as generally applicable norm because they did not meet the multifaceted needs of authors, translators and editors of various texts. The present study therefore represents the first attempt to address the problem from systemic and functional perspective. As such, it is necessarily conceived as tentative. We propose five inter-related and mutually compatible systems: (1) Transliteration of consonants is convenient for Biblical studies or philological discourse in general. Faithfully communicates the Hebrew text without the vowels. (2) Vocalic transliteration adds the Hebrew vowels according to Masoretic vocalic system. (3) Homiletic transcription is a simplified (2). Consonants are faithfully transliterated, allowing for etymologic transparency. On the contrary, the vowels are simplified and punctuation is added so to enable the oral performance of the text. It is intended especially for pastoral office. (4) Philological transcription is addressing the needs of widest academic public. The consonants are faithfully distinguished. The quantity of vowels is ignored and the original Masoretic system is assimilated to Czech system of vowels (a, e, i, o, u). (5) Simplified phonetic transcription may serve the non-scholarly purposes (journals, belles-lettres). The Hebrew phonology is simplified so that no special signs are supplemented to the Czech orthographic system.
2

KULTÚRA PREKLADU – REÁLIE Z ANTICKEJ KULTÚRY AKO PREKLADATEĽSKÝ PROBLÉM

100%
Koželová A.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2016
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vol. 20
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issue 1
290 – 296
EN
Language skills are not enough to understand a text correctly when translating. The Greeks and Romans left a legacy that is present in the languages of all cultural nations. To understand it properly and then interpret it, it is important to know a broader context. The term realia is Latin for „real things“ and in translation studies, is used to refer to concepts which are found in a given source culture but not in a given target culture. That‘s why the translators need and have to consult with an expert in Classical Philology.
3

LEOPOLD GODOWSKI'S '53 STUDIES ON CHOPIN ETUDES' ('53 Studia nad etiudami Chopina' Leopolda Godowskiego)

100%
Todynek M.
Przegląd Muzykologiczny
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2009
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issue 7
75-114
EN
The article presents the figure of Leopold Godowski (1870-1938) and his achievements in the field of piano playing, teaching, and composition. It focuses on various aspects of his 53 Studies on Chopin etudes, such as the circumstances of their creation, their structure, their typology as proposed by the composer himself, and the analysis of that cycle from the point of view of a formal similarity of particular transcriptions to their originals. In addition the article discusses the details of the reception of that cycle in Godowski's lifetime, after his death, and in the present time.
4

THE TRANSCRIPTION OF AN ACT OF CIVIL STATUS, WHICH WAS ORIGINALLY ISSUED ABROAD (Transkrypcja aktu stanu cywilnego sporzadzonego za granica)

100%
Wojewoda M.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
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2009
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vol. 18
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issue 4
1089-1124
EN
According to Polish law, acts of civil status issued abroad possess the status of official documents in all kind of proceedings before Polish authorities. Nevertheless such foreign acts of civil status can be transcribed into Polish registers of civil status whereupon a Polish act of birth, marriage or death is created. The article strives to explain the nature of transcription, which generally should be seen as a purely technical operation, and analyses the conditions under which the transcription may take place. Special emphasis is put on the limited scope of the substantive control of foreign acts of civil status, which can be exercised only by means of the 'ordre public' clause.
5
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DIVADELNÝ TEXT A JEHO HLASY. ÚVAHA O NIEKTORÝCH ASPEKTOCH VZŤAHU MEDZI DIVADELNÝM TEXTOM A JEHO INSCENÁCIOU

100%
Michalovič P.
Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)
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2022
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vol. 70
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issue 4
317 - 330
EN
This study deals with certain aspects of the relationship between dramatic text and its staging. The dramatic text itself cannot be viewed as a kind of supra individual set of instructions left by the author in a textual form to those who decide to carry out staging and performances based on them. This is partly because the very form of the dramatic text changes, for example when a manuscript is transcribed, to a form that corresponds to the actually valid conventions for the updating transcription of a language. The purpose of the transcription is to update the original language of the dramatic text to make it comprehensible and acceptable for another audience and to enable it to function even as an autonomous literary work. Although the transcription may change the original text to the minimum, even these minimal interventions lead to a change in the essence of the dramatic text. Another factor of change is the transfer of the written text into speech, while a significant role in this transfer is played by intonation, which forms the focus of the second part of this study.
6
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K transkripci hebrejských konsonantů a vokálů do češtiny

88%
Blažek J.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2009
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vol. 91
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issue 1
20-30
EN
The article deals with the transcription of Hebrew consonants and vowels into the Czech language and offers phonetic transcription as the most useful and phonetically correct system. The system presented in the article is based on the standard phonology of modern Israeli Hebrew. It leaves aside the problem of pronunciation of biblical Hebrew, partly because of lack of space and partly because its pronunciation is artificially reconstructed and therefore does not reflect the contemporary pronunciation of Hebrew as a living and spoken language. The phonetic system presented in the article is compared with other systems already used in Czech literature. Although there are still many things to be discussed, the author thinks that a simple phonetic system should be used as the basic norm for the transcription of Hebrew in popular and scholarly literature. A similar problem of ununified transcription also appears in the transcription of Arabic and other languages written in non-Latin alphabets. This topic deserves further serious consideration on the academic level.
7

NÁVRH NA VEDECKÝ SYSTÉM PREPISU Z ARABČINY PODĽA SPISOVNEJ NORMY A ČIASTOČNÚ VOKALIZÁCIU. 1 DIEL ARABSKÝ TEXT BEZ OHĽADU NA SLOVENSKÉ SYNTAKTICKÉ OKOLIE

88%
Lacináková M.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2021
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vol. 86
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issue 1
36 – 54
EN
This study presents the author`s recommendations for the transcription of Arabic texts into Slovak in scientific – mainly linguistic works, based on her own experience. There already exist a few works devoted to the so-called popular transcription, however, there are still some controversial points, as well as a whole range of dilemmas that yet have to be solved – mainly for the purposes of books specialized in Arabic linguistics and palaeography. The present part focuses on the transcription of Arabic texts not influenced by their Slovak syntactic surroundings. It also recommends a table of signs and typographical formatting to facilitate the transcription of hardly legible texts.
8

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN COFFIN IN THE SLOVAK NATIONAL MUSEUM: INSCRIPTIONS ON THE INTERIOR SURFACE OF THE TROUGH

88%
Magdolen D.
Asian and African Studies
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2019
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vol. 28
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issue 2
270 – 331
EN
This article deals with the inscriptions preserved on the inner surface of the coffin trough. A transcription, transliteration and translation of the hieroglyphic texts are presented in this study including the palaeographic table of hieroglyphic signs and photocopies of the inscriptions. The author of this article reports on the discovery of the title accompanying the name of the deceased person written inside the coffin as well as the names of two deities with a protective function, all of them identified on the places with the damaged surface and hieroglyphic inscriptions. The title and names of the two deities are not mentioned in the CAA catalogue published in the 1980s.
9

PRIPRAVOVANÝ SLOVNÍK STAROGRÉCKYCH A LATINSKÝCH MIEN – HLAVNÉ TRANSKRIPČNÉ ZÁSADY A PROBLÉMY SPOJENÉ S TVORBOU HESIEL

75%
Buzássyová Ľ.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2012
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vol. 77
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issue 3-4
131 – 150
EN
Now, classical philologists are preparing the Lexicon of the Ancient Greek and Latin names, the aim of which is to make complete the Dictionary of the Contemporary Slovak Language and identify a way to solve problems of how to transcribe and inflect the ancient Greek and Latin names in the Slovak language. The article presents general principles which the authors use as a guideline for their work on the dictionary; furthermore, they characterise the forms of the dictionary entries. Several specific problems related to the place names and their derivatives are being analysed as well.
10
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TRANSLATION FROM A COGNATE LANGUAGE. ON SOME ASPECTS OF RUFUS' TRANSLATIONS OF CZECH POETRY (Preklad z blizkeho jazyka (k niektorym aspektom Rufusovych prekladov ceskej poezie))

75%
Zitny M.
World Literature Studies
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2009
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vol. 1(18)
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issue 3
42-58
EN
Employing various perspectives, the author sheds light on some technical terms like transcription, translation and poetical translation which are current in Slovak translatological discourse of the past decades and pays attention to some of the cultural and political aspects of translation of Czech literature into Slovak in the 1970s and 1980s. Building on the translatological research into Rufus' translation method, he focuses on the poetics of Milan Rufus' translations (1928-2008), especially on his translations of the poems of an important Czech poet Frantisek Hrubin (1910-1971). The detailed analysis and the comparison of the original with the translation shows that a translation from a cognate language is not unproblematic even for big and original poets like Jan Kostra or Milan Rufus. The author draws on Marian Andricik's thesis about the 'dual domicile' of the poet and of the translator methodologically and he comes to the conclusion that the previous translatological analyses of the so-called updated translations of Czech poetry into Slovak (these are translations by Jan Kostra, Vojtech Mihalik, Milan Rufus and others) often bypassed the problem of semantic and syntactic shifts in translation and by emphatic statements about congeniality, about translation as an act of identification they rather obscured the core of the problem. In other words, the author of the present study points out the need of an objective view of the whole complex of questions related to the problem of translation of Czech poetry into Slovak in the second half of the last century.
11

NÁVRH NA VEDECKÝ SYSTÉM PREPISU Z ARABČINY PODĽA SPISOVNEJ NORMY A ČIASTOČNÚ VOKALIZÁCIU. 3. DIEL ČIASTOČNÁ VOKALIZÁCIA

75%
Lacináková M.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2021
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vol. 86
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issue 3
279 – 291
EN
This paper is the third part of the three part’s study presenting recommendations for the transcription of Arabic texts into Latin script in Slovak scientific – mainly linguistic works, based on the author’s own experience. When transcribing Arabic words into a different sign system for the purposes of such works, one often considers it useful that their transcribed forms be accompanied by the original ones. In most Arabic texts, orthographic and orthoepic signs are usually not written. The system of partial vocalization of Arabic texts suggested here (for the cases where it is needed or helpful) was mainly inspired by the author’s own experience with the problems stemming from a lack of such a system, which would (and hopefully will) enhance the work of an editor, linguist, as well as that of a teacher of Arabic concerning its written form.
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