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1

ÚŘEDNÍ ZMĚNA POHLAVÍ JAKO ÚVAHA DE LEGE FERENDA?

100%
Kotková P.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
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2022
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vol. 105
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issue 3
246 – 267
EN
Gender reassignment is current but controversial topic. It is often known as a political topic. The issue is that, in addition to law, also affects sociology, biology and medicine. Gender is often perceived as something objective, something that can be determined briefly. In Czech society, as well as in Slovak’s, gender is perceived at the biological level, i.e., it is determined based on external sexual characteristics at birth. According to the prevailing view here, society is made up of only male or female sex. In a situation where a person does not identify with the sex assigned at birth, with effect from 1 January 2014, the Czech legal system enshrines the possibility of changing sex. However, it is necessary to have undergone a surgical procedure that prevents reproductive function. The change of sex is also connected with other legal aspects, e.g., the dissolution of an existing marriage and registered partnership. Although the aim of this article is to reflect on the forthcoming amendment of the provisions of Section 29 of the Civil Code, it is impossible to do so without a closer look at the issue, or defining the key concepts, or outlining a different concept of gender than the purely biological. Since gender reassignment does not only concern person’s suffering from gender identity disorder but the article will also discuss intersex people, for who is not possible to determine unambiguously whether they are girls or boys after birth, although this should be done in accordance with Czech legislation. Subsequently, attention will be focused on the evolutionary development of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to gender reassignment and the legislation of neighbouring countries, more specifically the Austrian and German legislation, which can be seen as a possible foreign inspiration. Since, as will be shown below, the Czech legislation is quite like the Slovak one and because they are very close to each other, both geographically and historically, the issue will be considered through the lens of the relevant Slovak legislation.
2

(NE)VIDITEĽNÍ: TRANSRODOVÉ DETI NA ZÁKLADNÝCH A STREDNÝCH ŠKOLÁCH

86%
Lutherová S.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 3
280 – 294
EN
The process of gender identity development in children and youth affects their daily life. With their very existence, transgender children confront the common notions of the majority about “right” boys and girls. There is a persistent pressure in different areas of social life and at schools they visit on preserving the cis-normative way of life. The study is based on a year-long research of transgender children and youth at elementary and secondary schools in Slovakia, with the support of the civic association TransFúzia. The research material consists of in-depth interviews with ten children and young people and interviews with the representatives and teachers from three selected secondary schools. The research results suggest that the self-realisation of children in a school environment is influenced by various limits and barriers. These, however, arise not only from the official systemic framework for teaching and the education process in Slovakia, but also from individual notions and approaches by school authorities. The personal stories of seeking their own “self” of transgender children and youth therefore develop in different contexts and under different conditions. They present not only the specific situation of the members of this special minority, but create the image of the daily life of children and youth in a school environment.
3

Transpłciowość w świecie islamu - między tradycją i współczesnością

86%
Gorak-Sosnowska K.
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
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2011
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issue 1-2 (236-237)
86-98
EN
Discourse on gender roles in the Islamic world, even though popular and wide-ranging, refers predominantly to the heterosexual pattern, i.e. to biological males and females. Definitely the binary gender system is the backbone of social order, but still provides space for transgressing traditional social roles. It results from the heritage of classical Islam (existence of such categories as eunuchs, masculine females/feminine males, and intersexuals) as well as in the influence of local cults and traditions that used to exist before Islam. The article presents selected transgender categories in the Islamic world such as: virgjineshta in the Balkans (sworn virgins), 'yan daudu in Hausaland (men who talk like women), hijra in South Asia (referred to as the third gender) and transsexuals in Iran. All the cases except for the Iranian case are rooted in traditional cultures and exist parallel to their Western counterparts (e.g. homosexuality, transvestitism).
4
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THE MALE GENDER SCRIPT AS SELF-REPRESENTATION IN THE SÁNDOR VAY Ś POETRY

86%
Csehy Z.
World Literature Studies
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2017
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vol. 9
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issue 4
53 – 61
EN
In this paper the author has analysed the artistic manifestations of the ego-forming strategies of Sándor/Sarolta Vay (1859–1918), guided by the patterns of norm-following and norm-rejecting gender performativity and also by stepping outside of these patterns. Sándor Vay was born as a woman but lived as a man, constructing his writer ego as a male author as well. This construction could be one form of queer masculinity based on corporeality. The first part of this paper demonstrates Vay’s career; the second analyses Vay’s poems published under a female name and those published later under a male name, investigating the strategies of textual creation of sexuality and gender.
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