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Transliterace a transkripce hebrejštiny: základní problémy a návrhy jejich řešení

100%
Cech P., Sladek P.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
|
2009
|
vol. 132
|
issue 3-4
305-339
EN
Transliteration and transcription of Hebrew into Latin script presents a number of difficulties for a Czech native speaker. Unlike the speakers of major European languages, the Czech milieu manifests strong linguistic purism and requires the transliteration or transcription system to communicate faithfully the specific features of Hebrew phonology. Simultaneously, the Czech editors often resist to the use of the Hebrew script even in scholarly publications, emphasizing the necessity of respecting the larger public. The present study addresses the fundamental problems of transliterating and transcribing Hebrew into Czech. We deal with those phonologic patterns of various layers of Hebrew that do not have their direct equivalent in Czech phonology (e.g. the gutturals 'ayyin or h.et) and focus the issues that are subject of frequent discussions in the Czech academic circles (the fluid character of shewah mobile and its transcription). So far the problem of transfer of Hebrew into Czech was never dealt with systematically. Various systems were suggested ad hoc for the purpose of particular publications. Such systems were never accepted as generally applicable norm because they did not meet the multifaceted needs of authors, translators and editors of various texts. The present study therefore represents the first attempt to address the problem from systemic and functional perspective. As such, it is necessarily conceived as tentative. We propose five inter-related and mutually compatible systems: (1) Transliteration of consonants is convenient for Biblical studies or philological discourse in general. Faithfully communicates the Hebrew text without the vowels. (2) Vocalic transliteration adds the Hebrew vowels according to Masoretic vocalic system. (3) Homiletic transcription is a simplified (2). Consonants are faithfully transliterated, allowing for etymologic transparency. On the contrary, the vowels are simplified and punctuation is added so to enable the oral performance of the text. It is intended especially for pastoral office. (4) Philological transcription is addressing the needs of widest academic public. The consonants are faithfully distinguished. The quantity of vowels is ignored and the original Masoretic system is assimilated to Czech system of vowels (a, e, i, o, u). (5) Simplified phonetic transcription may serve the non-scholarly purposes (journals, belles-lettres). The Hebrew phonology is simplified so that no special signs are supplemented to the Czech orthographic system.
2
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K transkripci hebrejských konsonantů a vokálů do češtiny

88%
Blažek J.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2009
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vol. 91
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issue 1
20-30
EN
The article deals with the transcription of Hebrew consonants and vowels into the Czech language and offers phonetic transcription as the most useful and phonetically correct system. The system presented in the article is based on the standard phonology of modern Israeli Hebrew. It leaves aside the problem of pronunciation of biblical Hebrew, partly because of lack of space and partly because its pronunciation is artificially reconstructed and therefore does not reflect the contemporary pronunciation of Hebrew as a living and spoken language. The phonetic system presented in the article is compared with other systems already used in Czech literature. Although there are still many things to be discussed, the author thinks that a simple phonetic system should be used as the basic norm for the transcription of Hebrew in popular and scholarly literature. A similar problem of ununified transcription also appears in the transcription of Arabic and other languages written in non-Latin alphabets. This topic deserves further serious consideration on the academic level.
3
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NON-STANDARD LEXICON IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN PRESS TEXT AS A TRANSLATION PROBLEM (Leksyka niestandardowa we wspólczesnym rosyjskim tekscie prasowym jako problem translatorski)

88%
Konefal E.
Slavia Meridionalis
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2009
|
vol. 9
29-37
EN
The scope of interest of this article encompasses stylistically marked lexicon which stems from word building processes, and which is placed outside the contemporary educated Russian, and also problems connected with translation of such lexical units into Polish. The manner of translating the above non-standard lexicon is dependent on various factors - both on a specific press genre in which this unit is found, as well as on an individual translation strategy assumed by a given translator.
4

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN COFFIN IN THE SLOVAK NATIONAL MUSEUM: THE INSCRIPTIONS ON THE INTERIOR SURFACE OF THE LID

75%
Magdolen D.
Asian and African Studies
|
2018
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vol. 27
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issue 2
143 – 191
EN
This paper belongs to a series of studies focused on the inscriptions preserved on the interior and exterior surfaces of an ancient Egyptian coffin in Bratislava. It deals with the inscriptions painted on the interior sides of the coffin lid. Transcription, transliteration and translation of hieroglyphic texts are presented in this study including the palaeographic table of hieroglyphic signs and photocopies of the inscriptions.
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