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1

La femme dans une «littérature française de Malte» du XVIIIe siècle

100%
Depasquale C.
Romanica Wratislaviensia
|
2011
|
vol. 58
33-42
EN
Between 1530 and 1798 Malta was ruled by a chivalric, monastic, hospitaller and military order which became known as the Order of Malta. The archives of the National Library of Malta preserve “an eighteenth century French literature of Malta” dealing with the religious duties of the Knights, the defence of the island against the Ottoman power, corsairing and projects and treatises written with the aim of improving the economic and political situation of the Order — these are subjects wherein women have no place. However, rare references to women are found in letters, diaries or memoirs that throw some light on Maltese society. Travel literature also accords some space to women. An interesting comedy in manuscript form, situated in eighteenth century Malta and written by a French knight, pokes fun at the femme fatale and portrays the Knight of Malta as both prey and victim. The intellectual woman, whether writer or reader, is totally absent.
2
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Čeští cestovatelé a etnografové na hranici kultur: Vráz, Frič a Kořenský

86%
Půtová B.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
|
2012
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vol. 22
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issue 1
3 – 18
EN
This study is a theoretic analysis of lives and works of three Czech travellers - Enrique Stanko Vráz, Alberto Vojtěch Frič and Josef Kořenský. These pioneers of the nascent social and cultural anthropology found themselves on the boundary of different civilizations and were among the first white men who set their foot on the exotic world of “the others”. With their travels, vividly described in their literal work, they not only did an extraordinary job when gathering authentic ethnographic material in the form of literature, photographs and exotic artefacts in Czech cultural context, but they also deconstructed the doctrine of Eurocentrism. The study focuses mainly on their literal heritage and their desire to describe, understand and interpret a different cultural reality. Works of these travellers represent original effort to integrate collecting, observing and research intentions. The study presents their travel books as a specific gnoseologic tool enabling to analyse their field findings ranging from the description to the comparison and interpretation of the exoticism and unknown socio-cultural reality. The study also points out the fact that the travellers transformed the different in their books into a cultural construction created within the author’s personality and his own civilization. Through the strange and different, the travellers thus gave rise to an authentic and complex picture of a different and unknown world including, however, also the author’s own description and interpretation of different forms of cultural reality. This study also aspires to prove that the works of these travellers represent their different personal approaches to perception of cultural boundaries and to their studies of different ethnicities and nations.
3

APPELLATIONS OF ROMA, SINTI, GYPSIES AND TRAVELLERS IN THE OPINIONS OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES

86%
Hrustič T.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2018
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vol. 66
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issue 4
452 – 466
EN
Opinions of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) cover the situation of all national minorities in all state parties of the Council of Europe who signed and ratified the FCNM since its adoption in 1998. The situation of Roma, Sinti and Travellers is an important issue in the most of these documents. This paper will analyse how the FCNM opinions use the terms Roma, Sinti, Travellers, Gypsies and other appellations in respect of groups and people who are targeted in these texts. Moreover, the FCNM is an instrument which is in existence for 20 years and during that time the opinions were drafted by various compositions of experts in the Advisory Committee and were reflecting various trends and socio-political situations in Europe and respective State parties of the FCNM. This paper will analyse the texts of the past opinions. The author takes advantage of his personal experience as a member of the Advisory Committee for FCNM between 2014 and 2018 and reflects on the most recent developments in approaches towards labelling the Roma in the opinions of the Advisory Committee for FCNM.
4
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O IRLANDZKICH TRAWELERACH I NOMADYZMIE

86%
Radzewicz E.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
|
2016
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vol. 42
|
issue 4 (162)
77–95
PL
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest współczesnym formom oraz realiom praktykowania nomadyzmu przez rdzenną, tradycyjnie koczowniczą grupę Irlandzkich Trawelerów. Podstawę empiryczną stanowią badania własne przeprowadzone wśród społeczności trawelerskiej z miasta Galway na zachodzie Irlandii. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań pokazują, że tradycyjny sposób życia oparty na ciągłej wędrówce praktykowany jest już tylko przez nielicznych. Większość praktykujących wciąż nomadyzm Trawelerów z Galway robi to ze stałego miejsca zamieszkania, głównie latem. Wynika to w dużej części z barier i ograniczeń, jakie napotykają. Największą jest obecnie znalezienie miejsca na postój, co jest wynikiem obowiązujących w Irlandii regulacji prawnych. Choć nie zakazują one praktykowania nomadyzmu, to znacząco ograniczają możliwości kontynuowania wędrownego sposobu życia. Wcześniejsze badania pokazały, że Trawelerzy, praktykując nomadyzm, coraz częściej doświadczają wymuszonego przemieszczania. Wnioski z badania przypadku Trawelerów z Galway pokazują, że stanowi ono obecnie jego nieodłączny element.
EN
The present article discusses contemporary forms and realities of practising nomadism by Ireland’s indigenous minority ethnic group Irish Travellers. The results of a fieldwork study among the Traveller community of Galway city, west of Ireland show that nomadism takes a range of forms. While the traditional nomadic way of life is often considered to involve constant movement from place to place, very few Travellers are currently practising this form of nomadism. Instead, most Travellers practice nomadism only seasonally, in summer, and retain a fixed abode. This alteration of traditional nomadic to a great extent is the result of barriers faced by Travellers in Ireland. The major barrier seems to be finding a place to halt due to the country’s current legislation. Although there is no legislation forbidding the possibility of practising nomadism, there are number of acts that render nomadic movement almost impossible. Previous research has established that nomadic Travellers in Ireland have experienced an increase in forced movements. The present results show that forced movement has not only increased, but also has become an inherent aspect of nomadic movement.
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