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K OTÁZKE PLASTICKEJ VÝZDOBY NA AMFORÁCH KARPATSKÝCH MOHYLOVÝCH KULTÚR

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Godiš J.

Studia Historica Nitriensia

2017

vol. 21

issue suppl.

79 - 96

The paper deals with the question of the occurrence of significant plastic decoration in the form of so-called crow’s foot, on the amphora-shaped ceramic vessels associated with the Carpathian Tumulus Grave cultural complex. This type of decoration can be quite reliably identified within ceramic material from the early phase of the Middle Bronze Age, where various elements of the previous highly-developed culture pottery styles are significantly fading-away. Some researchers associated this peculiar decorative phenomenon exclusively with the Tumulus Grave Culture, but sufficient attention has not yet been given to the detailed analysis, which would confirm these views. The primary objective of the study is to analyse archaeological contexts in which the mentioned plastic ornament occurs and to specify acquaintances with the internal development of the ceramic inventory of the Carpathian Tumulus Grave cultural complex. Earlier reviews of culturally specific nature of this phenomenon are verified from the view of the current state of research. Some observations related to other variations of plastic decorative applications appearing on the amphora-shaped vessels of the Tumulus Grave Culture provenance are outlined in the last section of this paper. The results are confronted with the hypothesis of the gradual spread of cultural elements of the forming Tumulus Grave Culture from the Middle Danube area to the eastern parts of the Carpathian Basin (nowadays central Hungary and the Tisza region) during the early period of the Middle Bronze Age.

ON THE BEGINNING OF THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE AT LOWER NITRA RIVER BASIN (Zum Beginn der mittleren Bronzezeit in unterem Nitra-Tal in der Slowakei)

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Benkovsky-Pivovarova Z.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2008

vol. 56

issue 2

255-267

Occurrence of several types of bronze artefacts that are typical for the Tumulus Grave culture in the Madarovce culture milieu is dealt with in the contribution. In the Madarovce layer upper half at Nitriansky Hradok a pin with moulded shank and central perforation on neck was found apart from a sickle-shaped pin. From this site a dagger with trapezoid butt and four rivets comes as well. A dagger of the same shape from a Veterov culture site at Waidendorf has been dated by absolute dating to the period of Kosziderian horizon settlements existence in Hungarian Danubian basin. Sickle-shaped disc-headed pins with perforation on neck that occurred in Grave 17 at Svaty Peter and in hoards at Hodejov and Vyskovce had been influenced by the Wetzleinsdorf-type pins. Grave goods from Grave 48 at Svaty Peter included a modified Madarovce culture jug and an Onstmettingen-type razor, which belongs to the most easterly finds of razors of this type at all. The occurrence of the bronze artefacts dated to the older Tumulus Grave culture at both settlement at Nitriansly Hradok and the burial ground at Svaty Peter supports the interpretation of the above-mentioned necropolis as the representative of the group more than of the Madarovce culture phase. Casting moulds for wheel-shaped pendants from Nitriansky Hradok and for Speyer-type pins from the Lower-Austrian Boheimkirchen prove the opinions of the Speyer-type pins origin in the central Danubian basin. The remarkable fact is, however, that also wheel-headed pins from the graves 1/55 and 9/62 at Nove Zamky are recently the oldest representatives of the Luneburg group E type and of double pins with convergent eyelet. The pin from Grave 1/55 occurred accompanied by fish-bladder decorated bracelets; the pin from Grave 9/62 accompanied by a Madarovce-culture mug.

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1 Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

1 Studia Historica Nitriensia

1 Benkovsky-Pivovarova Z.

1 Godiš J.

1 2017

1 2008

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K OTÁZKE PLASTICKEJ VÝZDOBY NA AMFORÁCH KARPATSKÝCH MOHYLOVÝCH KULTÚR

ON THE BEGINNING OF THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE AT LOWER NITRA RIVER BASIN (Zum Beginn der mittleren Bronzezeit in unterem Nitra-Tal in der Slowakei)