Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Refine search results

Journals help
Years help
Authors help

Results found: 34

first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  TYPOLOGY
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote

Afázie jako zdroj poznatků o fungování jazyka

100%
EN
The evidence concerning the neurophysiological organization of language can be obtained only indirectly, with one of the most important sources being aphasia. In this paper, the authoress presents some results from her long-term neurolinguistic research. First, she surveys the manifestation of aphasia in different languages and offer a linguistic interpretation of these data. She argues that it is the typological character of the language which influences the symptoms. Her cross-linguistic study showed that the decisive factors for evaluating aphasia in a language are: (a) the number of grammatical words; (b) the way in which grammatical morphemes are connected to the stem; (c) the extent of paradigms. The authoress then focuses on the grammatical errors in the spontaneous speech of Czech aphasics and discuss: (1) the distribution of errors among grammatical categories; (2) the hierarchy of forms within each category. Finally, she presents a synthesis of the morpho-syntactic aphasic symptoms in Czech. The aim of her work is not only to describe aphasia, but also to shed some light on the functioning of language under aggravated conditions.
2
100%
EN
Religiosity and the phenomenon of pilgrimage connected with it, as well as its visualization are strongly fixed in Slovakia. Four decades (1948 – 1989) of political regime did not manage to erase them from the perception of local citizens. Existence of more than 140 pilgrimage centres of different hierarchy level confirms this fact. These nowadays belong with different level of success among centres of pilgrimage. The aim of the article is to evaluate the thematically relevant literature and differences between pilgrimage tourism and religious tourism. In the application part we are oriented on identification, spatial differentiation and typology of catholic pilgrimage centres. Special attention is dedicated to pilgrimage centres with Cyril and Methodius tradition, which together with national Marian pilgrimage sites belong to the most promising pilgrimage sites in the field of religious tourism development in Slovakia.
EN
This article attempts to present and classify rural peripheral areas in Poland on the basis of their socio-economic structure. It identifies several characteristic features of the peripheral regions' development and demonstrates their importance for the formulation of local development strategies essentially based on internal factors (in accordance with the concept of endogenous development).
EN
Clay heads (stummels, bowls, pipe bodies) of three-piece smoking pipes have been excavated in several dozen sites all over Poland. Most of the finds consisted of several pipes. The largest find, including ca 400 fragments, comes from Lezajsk; ca 100 were found in Zamosc; finds of several dozen items come from the Old Town and the Royal Castle in Warsaw, the town of Przemysl and the Dominikanski Square in Wroclaw (Breslau). The newest among the finds are those from Lezajsk (the second half of the 19th c. and the turn of the 20th c.); the oldest artefact, dated to the 16th-17th c., was found in Elblag (Elbing); 17th-century pipes were excavated in Boleslawiec on the Prosna, Tykocin, Warsaw and Zlota. Precise dating is possible only in some cases, for example the pipes found in the former camp of the Polish army near Wojnicz can be dated at before 1655, those excavated in the Royal Castle and the Castle Square in Warsaw at the second half of the 17th c. and the first half of the 18th c., those from the remains of a potter's workshop at Brama Poboczna [the Side Gate] at the 17th c. and those from the house of Bochenkowicz in Warsaw at the second half of the 18th c. and the beginning of the 19th c. Although since the 1990s this type of artefact has gained more attention among scholars and has been addressed in a growing number of publications, only few finds have been described in detail. Therefore, it is interesting to consider the pipes excavated in the castle of Tykocin, which are numerous, varied and properly dated. The author aims to present the forms and ornaments of the pipes from this collection, as well as to systematise them. The finds in question were excavated during the exploration of the castle complex in Tykocin, in the province of Podlasie, in the years 2001-2005. There are 30 clay pipe heads in the collection. Most of them were found in the culture layers connected with the functioning of the Tykocin castle from the beginning of the 17th c. to the mid 18th c. The events that took place there at that time are important in determining the provenance of the pipes. It is, however, difficult to find out for how long a given artefact was used. It can only be supposed that clay heads were not durable and they were disposed of if damaged. The durability of such artefacts probably depended on the individual features of the users. Apart from clay heads, the Tykocin finds include three fragments of white one-piece pipes. The pipes were probably used by the soldiers who fought or were stationed in the castle. They can be dated at the period from the second half of the 17th c. to the mid 19th c. The data on all the pipe heads are collected in table 1. Only one of the heads is unbroken; the others are in fact fragments of different size. Most were made of ferruginous clay; only two are white. All were made of well-washed ceramic body. 1/3 of the heads analysed were certainly made with matrices. The majority were fired in an oxidising atmosphere; their potsherds are of various shades of beige or brick-red. Five of the heads (shaped of ferruginous clay) were fired in a reducing atmosphere; those are black. In 11 cases (37%) the outer surface is covered with a thin layer of glaze, in most cases lead glaze - only head no. 9 is covered with clay glaze. The glaze coatings are light and dark green, yellow and light brown; the clay glaze is of cherry colour. The ornaments on the heads are usually schematic, of floral or geometric forms. The simplest ornaments were incised or rolled. There is an example of the stamping technique, with the motif of rosette repeated five times. More varied and complicated ornaments were moulded in the matrix together with the head; those include notches, single flowers or stylised floral shapes and check motifs. Burnishing was aimed at producing a smooth surface effect. The polygonal shape of some rims (rings), bowls and shanks are also of decorative character. Only one pipe from this collection, no. 30, dated at the mid 19th c., is marked with the stamp of the producer - a manufacturer from Staszów in Little Poland. Half of the pipes were certainly used, since their chambers are blackened and sooted. Since the finds are mostly fragments, the data on the shape and size of the pipes are incomplete. There are few data on the rims, which are scarce among the finds. Perhaps this was the part of the pipe the was most easily damaged, and if that happened the pipe was unusable and the head was thrown away. Based mainly on foreign publications and the works of Philippe Gosse, John W. Hayes, Rebecca C.W. Robinson, the author has proposed a typology of the finds from Tykocin. Furthermore, taking into consideration the shape, the ornaments and the technological criteria she has classified the finds into eight groups. For some of them analogies can be traced in other finds from Poland and from abroad. Only in few cases it was possible to hypothesise about the provenance of the pipes. Some of them were probably made in Turkey or modelled on Turkish pipes (heads no. 5,6, 10 and 13 of group 2, heads no. 18, 21-24 of group 3 and heads no. 28 and 29 of group 7). Some of the heads from group 5 (no. 15 and 25-27) were possibly produced locally, in Podlasie. One head, no. 30, was certainly manufactured in Poland, in Staszów.
EN
This article has a review character and represents an attempt of summary and systematization of so far gathered knowledge on a subject of phenomenon of school climate. In the following parts of this text there was made a distinction of definitional school climate and as well as notions connected with it. There were also shown elements consisting of school climate as well as its determinants, and the current typologies of school climate, too. First of all, the attention was paid to, in contrast to a quality notion or school culture, which presents objective features of school institutions, the school climate is associated with individual processes of perceiving, receiving and interpreting the reality.
Asian and African Studies
|
2017
|
vol. 26
|
issue 2
261 – 296
EN
Constructions encoding ‘to begin to’ display a great formal diversity in the Turkic languages. The differences concern both the auxiliary segment and the linking segment. This diversity is counterbalanced by certain features that are shared either by the majority of the Turkic language family or by only some of its members. The present study will investigate the main similarities and differences between inceptive constructions in Turkic both from a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. A special focus will be placed on combinations that involve the auxiliary bašla-, an item that is particularly widespread. The main types of constructions attested with this auxiliary will be identified, and possible factors involved in the development of these types will be determined. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the typology and diachronic development of inceptive constructions in the Turkic languages and to draw attention to a topic that has yet to be investigated in detail from a comparative perspective.
EN
Typology, as a universal method of interpretation, is not used in art history to the same degree as in some other branches of science (biology, archaeology, psychology, linguistics et al.). It is hard to imagine the theory of art history encompassing a kind of taxonomy - general principles of classification which could also include typology. Nevertheless, typological inferences and issues are widely used, albeit not always theoretically defined. Typology is unavoidable when it is necessary to classify archaeological material that could be interpreted as artefacts. It is used to investigate and describe groups of artworks or other objects relevant to art history. The concept of a theoretical model with fixed or substantial traits (attributes) seems the most appropriate in this case. Attributes are important only from the aspect of the aim of a particular work of research. This does not mean that typological models are arbitrary mental constructs or an ideal generalisation of metaphysics. On the contrary, 'types' should be tied to the concrete phenomena of research. World art history, as well as Latvian art history, is full of generalisations that could be regarded as the products of typological research. Their verbal exposition can be supplemented by graphic schemes (more common in texts on architecture). We can recollect the typology of classical orders that have been described and shown in drawings in countless reference books, the typology of the kuroi and korai statues in the Ancient Greece, or the medieval type of the 'beautiful Madonna' and many others. Two different examples from Latvian art history can also be mentioned: Paul Kampe's 'central type of church building in Vidzeme' and Tatjana Kacalova's examination of the types of compositional structure in the landscapes of Vilhelms Purvitis.
Musicologica Slovaca
|
2020
|
vol. 11 (37)
|
issue 1
5 – 33
EN
In researching the culture of sacred music (of the Roman Catholic Church, the major denomination) during the period of classicism on the territory of present-day Slovakia, we have reached a new stage of knowledge, enabling us by novel means to reassess the received image of how that culture was nurtured in our land. The new findings concern places where the musical art was cultivated (which can now be connected in the form of a musical network), musicians and musical families, the instrumentarium (organs and other instruments), and the repertoire. The creation of a musical network has been made possible by an exceptionally rich new factography with a powerful argumentative force, and also by a new typology based on criteria of a supremely musical nature (and secondarily, of a universal cultural nature). The decisive criterion was the character and level of performance practice, as applied in the given period.
EN
The study deals with the typological description of the development of verbal system from Latin to Spanish. The emphasis is on the description of the evolution of selected verbal forms, with regard to the linguistic typology of Vladimír Skalička, and also on the subsequent evaluation of the typological movement of the analysed forms and verbal system. The study works with the method of the linguistic typology from diacronic aspect and refers to the importance of Latin for the study of romance languages.
EN
The study intends to fill a gap in the literature on migration destination choice, which focuses on the outcome of a decision process, while largely neglects the very process of arriving at an outcome. Using qualitative material collected during 150 face-to-face interviews with Polish migrants to four EU countries and Australia, this article develops a general typology of decision makers involved in choices of migrant destinations. It applies the concept of bounded rationality to analyse the ways in which these migrants have chosen their host locations and, focusing on their rationality, explores manifestations of its boundedness. It also discusses the issue of information search by destination choice, showing that under relatively low perceived risks associated with migration, the process of knowledge building tends to be based on experience rather than on in-depth research.
EN
The study is focused on the assessment of the production and occurrence of bronze knives in the territory of the present-day Slovakia and their typological-chronological classification. The set of the 99 whole, though more often fragmentarily preserved, analysed exemplars is a significant part of the material content of the central Danubian and Carpathian culture, and especially of the Urnfield cultures. A detailed analysis showed, however, an almost unexpectedly non-proportional representation of the analysed kind of products of bronze industry within the relics of Lusatian, central Danubian, south-eastern cultures of urnfields, with surprisingly lower occurrence in such a rich area of developed metallurgy as it existed especially in the Piliny, Kyjatice and Gáva cultures. The scale of finds clearly documents the representation of knives of all basic central European typological groups, made up by exemplars with full, frame, tongue, plate and thorn handle. In the study they are classified into twenty-five types and further variants. A part of Slovak finds displays certain formal differences which, with few exceptions (proposed types Smolenice, Čaka and Horná Seč), and also as a consequence of the finds´ frequent fragmentariness and the absence of a more significant closed whole, did not lead to the creation of new independent types. From the very beginning of the occurrence of bronze knives there were close contacts with south-eastern, and especially with western, part of central Europe. On the contrary, uniqueness can be determined only to a certain extent with the finds typical for a broader central-eastern part of central Europe, or, the Carpathian Basin – so unique in many other products of bronze metallurgy. Due to a favourable situation in the processing of bronze knives in central Europe, Slovak finds could also be classified and compared with knives from other geographical areas nowadays belonging to the territory of Bohemia, Moravia, Germany, Poland, and Austria. The assessed finds inventory is significant also for the occurrence of ten casting moulds documenting local production of knives, especially in the territory of the Slovak branch of Lusatian culture. Of extraordinary importance are especially the moulds from the burial ground in Vyšný Kubín, laid over the urns with assumed graves of specialised metal founders.
EN
The article deals with the bits from the early medieval period found in the cadastre of Bojná. It compares them with various exemplars found in the territory of current Slovakia. Bits were found mainly on the hillfort Valy, sporadic finds come from other two locations: II-Hradisko and III-Žihľavník. There they are represented almost all types of bits dated to the Early Middle Ages. From the typological viewpoint it is possible to divide them into three main groups, respectively to additional subgroups and variants. The exemplars were found complete, but mostly fragmentary preserved. Here the most frequent form was two-part bits with shanks, specifically variant with plastically profiled snaffle bars. We can find them also on other localities from Slovakia and Morava. They are often part of hoards. It is possible that they are domestic products, characteristic for investigated area in the 9th century. The set of bits from Bojná suggests the diversity of used types of this fundamental part of horse equipment.
EN
The article is devoted to the analysis of compound place-names of the model 'Verb + Noun' in Ukrainian and American toponymy. Some typologically similar features have been revealed.
EN
Human capital stock affects economic growth by raising the productivity of labour in a given area or by enhancing the ability of the regional economy to create and absorb innovations. From the perspective of an academic city, this process can be reinforced by attracting students and researchers to study and work at the local universities. To do this successfully, the city needs not only high quality academic institutions but also a wider labour market for educated individuals and, more generally, the ability to attract the creative class to settle down. The article provides a comparative analysis of the capacity of the largest Polish cities to attract and absorb human capital. The research is based on a unique dataset coming from the nasza-klasa.pl website (which allows users to contact their former classmates). The research concludes with the typology of Polish cities with respect to benefits from performing the academic function.
EN
The application of 'Chi-square' criterion allows us to measure the distan- ces between languages objectlively. The phono-typological distance between Baltic and Slavonic languages was measured. The phono-typological distance between Lithuanian and Latvian languages is much greater than between Lithuanian and Old Russian. The sound picture of Lithuanian is more similar to modern Russian (6,07) than to Latvian. In its turn, Latvian's sound picture is more similar to Old Russian (2,47) than Lithuanian. Latvian is more similar to modern Russian (3,65) than Lithuanian by its sound picture. The closeness of Baltic and Slavonic languages may be explained by the former language unity and by intensive language contacts
EN
The article presents a typology of football supporters illustrated by the example of Polonia Warszawa supporters. The aim of the paper is to describe activities and attitudes of supporters and to assess to what extent the proposed typology modifies and enriches previous studies. As a basis for comparison the article uses a popular division of football fans into ultras, hooligans, pseudo-fans, “picnics”, as well as the typology presented by Antonowicz and Wrzesiński (2009) which describes supporters as members of a specific religion group. Qualitative techniques were used in the research, including semi-structured interviews and hidden participant observation. The main factors which differentiate the football audience are: age, stadium attendance seniority, involvement in team supporting during the game and group membership. The proposed new typology of football supporters distinguishes eight categories: leaders, ultras movement, associated supporters, activists, match fanatics, soul-supporters, precursors and spectators.
17
88%
Študijné zvesti
|
2021
|
vol. 68
|
issue suppl. 2
49 - 62
EN
The Szeletian is widely accepted as an industry of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in Central Europe, characterized by the production of leaf points and associated with Neanderthals. In 1953, F. Prošek has introduced the term Szeletian for describing an already existing archaeological unit in Central Europe, which had been defined relative to the Solutrean of Western Europe. He did not define the new unit but applied the fourfold model Hungarian scholars established to describe the development of the Solutrean in Hungary, based solely upon leaf point typology. Here, I argue that the “Szeletian leaf point,” which is thought to characterize this unit, is a typologically undefined tool. However, the analyses of bifacial and leaf-shaped tools from Moravian and Hungarian sites, during the last decade, revealed the existence of certain basic forms which are frequent as far as they could represent types or sub-types among “Szeletian leaf points.” For being considered as fossile directeur, these types have to have something specific by which they can be distinguished from other leaf point types, and they have to appear exclusively in the context of Szeletian assemblages. To clarify it needs further joint researches by concerned Central European scholars. Until we cannot demonstrate the existence of a specific type of leaf point linked strictly to the Szeletian, it seems to be better to not use the “Szeletian leaf point” as a typological term.
EN
The subject of this paper is a typological classification of the acanthus ornamentation of the Czech manuscripts from the 14th – 15th centuries. The definition of the four types of Czech acanthus ornaments is studied in relation to their genesis and their sources in the illumination in Bohemia, Italy and Western Europe. The ornamentation of the manuscripts of the followed period is confronted with its resources and parallels in the contemporary sculpture and applied arts. The modifications of the types of acanthus is followed in the context of the relations of the Prague workshops with the regional production in the Czech Lands and also from the standpoint of their possible influence on the evolvement of acanthus ornament in the illumination of the Western and Central Europe of the 15 and early 16th centuries. The paper deals also with the possibilities of the content interpretation of the ornament decoration of the Medieval manuscripts and offers other questions and problems to be solved in the further study of this theme.
EN
The purpose of the present article is to stress persisting importance of folk narratives catalogues and to bring several remarks about typological and structural methods of classification. A special part is devoted to the analysis of the contemporary structural- semantic method of the Lithuanian scholar Bronislava Kerbelyté as well as to an actual development of the Czech catalogues.
20
Content available remote

PRÍSPEVOK K TYPOLÓGII RÍMSKYCH KOSTENÝCH IHLÍC

75%
EN
The analysed set of Roman bone pins (253 items) can be divided into 19 basic types, several variants and subgroups. The contribution is the first complex treatment of these finds from the territory of the current south-western Slovakia. They come from the Roman fort at Iža, from the Roman cemeteries I, II, II and the location Bergl in Bratislava-Rusovce, from excavations on Devin castle and from the Roman collection of Podunajské múzeum in Komárno. The typological and chronological analysis of the items draws on knowledge published in works by renowned European researchers. During the entire Roman Period, bone pins were used not only for hair arrangement, but also to fasten clothes – fibulae, in medicine, pottery decoration, etc.
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.