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1
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Excavations at the Western Kom at Tell el-Farkha 2009–2010

100%
Ciałowicz K.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2011
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vol. 3
157-178
EN
Fieldworks at the Western Kom were carried out within the older trench that had been opened in 2006–2007 and further excavated in 2008. The important excavation results are related to architectural remains. Beneath the chapel with votive deposits next structures with storage vessels inside were discovered. Absence of architectural remains in the south-eastern part of the tell proved that in the Naqada III A-B the Western Kom was inhabited in a much smaller area that it was later. The upper layers excavated during these campaigns are connected to phase 4 at Tell el-Farkha (i.e. Naqada IIIA) and the lower layers to phase 3 (Naqada IID2/IIIA). Discovered stone and flint tools points than the stone vessels workshop was strictly connected to the cultic shrine. Analysis of animal remains and pottery confirm the exceptional role of these area in the Proto- and beginning of the Early Dynastic periods and we have gained a very strong evidence, that the Western Kom was the most significant area of the site in Tell el-Farkha and was related to the local elite. The imitations of Palestinian vessels and numerous pottery fragments of Near Eastern origin point to well developed trade with the Near East. Another proof for such activities are small objects of various shapes, which were probably used as tokens. They were discovered at all three tells in Tell el-Farkha.
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Naqada IIIB pottery in the Nile Delta: a view from Tell el-Farkha

100%
Jucha M. A.
Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization
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2012
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vol. 16
61-73
EN
Excavations conducted at the Tell el-Farkha cemetery between the 2001 and 2008 archaeological seasons revealed graves with pottery vessels which were assigned to three chronological groups. Only the first and the second contained pottery vessels which could be dated to the end of the Dynasty 0 and the beginning of the first half of the 1st Dynasty (Naqada IIIB/IIIC1-IIIC2) or the second half of the 1st Dynasty and the first half of the 2nd Dynasty (Naqada IIIC2/IIID) respectively. Following this, several additional graves containing other, remarkably different types of vessels were explored. Based on pottery analysis, this new group of graves was dated to Naqada IIIB, probably at its beginning and prior to the reign of Iry-Hor. The assemblages from these new graves contained cylindrical jars, mostly with cord-impressed patterns beneath their rims. Other pottery types included ovoid and shouldered jars of fine ware including two examples from a single grave, each with a serekh of a different ruler. Rough ware vessels included jars with high, almost cylindrical necks,‘granary’ jars and bowls with a concave outer contour of divergent sides. Bowls with convex sides and a simple rounded rim with a more or less smoothed surface as well as half-polished bowls with convex sides were also present.
3
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Excavations at the Western Kom at Tell el-Farkha 2007–2008

100%
Ciałowicz K. M.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2010
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vol. 2
203-228
EN
During the field campaigns at the Western Kom in Tell el-Farkha carried in 2007-2008, studies on remains of the admninistrative-cultic centre, discovered in 2001 and 2006 were continued. Some new rooms northward and southward to the shrine were uncovered. The first ones seem to be erected in a hurry and for temporary use. Excavations within the shrine provided the most important results. New votive objects were discovered, scattered within the whole area of shrine as well as intentionally hidden beneath their floor and walls. Especially worth mentioning are well preserved specimen of so called hes-jar, fragment of pottery figurine (sitting boy?), collection of ivory figurines and finally geywacke spoon with a crocodile-shaped handle. Another findings (seal decorated with representations of gazelle and falcon-Horus, ostrich egg, gazelle horn), as well as comparison of them with similar artifacts discovered in other parts of the tell, allow us to hypothesize that this animals might symbolize the name of cult centre and the whole town at Tell el-Farkha or be linked to the divine forces worshiped in both discovered shrines.
4
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Excavations of the Western Kom at Tell el-Farkha in 2006

100%
Ciałowicz K. M.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2009
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vol. 1
429-455
EN
In 2006, research in the western part of the administrative and cultic complex at Tell el-Farcha (Eastern Nile Delta) was begun. The eastern part of this complex was examined in 2001, when i.a. a votive deposit spilled in one of the rooms was discovered. During the 2006 excavations a room (8 × 3.30 m) was unveiled, where several cultic vessels were found as well as a small jar filled with votive artefacts. There were 62 specimens in this jar, mostly figurines from hippopotamus tusks. The entire deposit, of a unique historical and artistic value, was made before the middle of the first dynasty and is so far the only deposit of this kind firmly dated. It includes i.a. depictions of women, children, captives, one of the anonymous Egyptian rulers, fantastic creatures, and most of all dwarfs.
5
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Excavations at the Western Kom at Tell el-Farkha 2011–2012

88%
Ciałowicz K.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2013-2014
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vol. 5-6
233-247
EN
Excavations at the Western Kom were continued within a former trench that had been opened in 2006–2007, extended to the north in 2009 and further excavated in the next season. On the interior face of the eastern wall of Room 240 associated with the Protodynastic administrative-cultic centre, traces of thin wooden posts were preserved. Wooden planks had been fixed to it, thus forming a kind of an inner cladding of this wall. A complex of rooms of clearly utilitarian function was unearthed in the northern and south-eastern part of the trench. The pottery uncovered in Seasons 2011– 2012 indicates that the upper layers excavated during the campaign are contemporaneous with the end of Phase 4 at Tell el-Farkha (i.e., Naqada IIIA1/IIIB) and the deeper layers with Phase 3 (Naqada IID2/IIIA1). Fragments of imported Near Eastern pottery were discovered, notably fragments of so called Tell Erani C style vessels and a small piece of a vessel with white stripe-painted decoration, which has its counterpart only in Megiddo, Israel. On the stratigraphic interface of the administrativecultic centre and the Naqada residence, a brewery dated to Naqada IIIA1 was uncovered.
6
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Tell el-Farkha. Excavations, 2012–2013

88%
Chłodnicki M., Ciałowicz K. M.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2015
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vol. 24(1)
173-197
EN
Excavations at Tell el-Farkha in 2012 and 2013 were conducted on all three koms making up the site. The upper layers excavated on the Western Kom during the first campaign were connected with the beginning of phase 4 at Tell el-Farkha and the lower layers with phase 3. A few poorly preserved rooms were unearthed, mainly in the southern part of the trench. Also part of a brewery dated to Naqada IIIA1 was explored. A rectangular building with thick walls discovered on the Central Kom was most probably the remains of a big Naqadian store. Results of geophysical research from 2000 were verified; excavations uncovered a round edifice, 7 m in diameter, surrounded by a wall almost 2 m thick. In a test trench on the Eastern Kom, a rectangular room (2.50 m by 6 m) with two regular entrances from north and south was unearthed. In the main trench, work concentrated on the area north and south of the monumental mastaba uncovered a few seasons earlier.
7
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New Discoveries at Tell el-Farkha and the Beginnings of the Egyptian State

88%
Ciałowicz K. M.
Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
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2017
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vol. XXX
231–250
EN
Tell el-Farkha was an important centre already in Predynastic times, when a great Lower Egyptian culture complex was erected on the Central Kom. Items found inside confirmed both the significant role played by the local elite and its relationship with the Levant and Upper Egypt. The first large Naqadian building was erected outside the town centre. This building and the whole settlement were destroyed (Naqada IIIA1) by the next group of Naqadians, probably connected with another political centre. They were the constructors of the oldest Egyptian mastaba. During the reign of Iry-Hor (middle of Naqada IIIB), the third group of Naqadians appeared at the site. The period between Naqada IIIA and middle of IIIB phase seems to have been a period of competition between the most influential Naqadian proto-kingdoms. In the middle of the First Dynasty, Tell el-Farkha changed its role: from the capital of a part of the Eastern Delta to a provincial town of only economic significance.
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Tabular scrapers from the Eastern Kom at Tell el-Farkha

75%
Stępień U.
Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization
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2012
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vol. 16
75-84
EN
A tabular scraper is a type of tool, frequently found in the Southern Levant, which was made from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze III period, but in Egypt they are quite rare. In Tell el-Farkha (in the Eastern Nile Delta), three specimens of this type of tool have been discovered which have supplemented the archaeological site map of new places with flints imported from the Levant. They will be presented in this article.
9
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Potmarks from Tell el -Murra and Tell el-Farkha cemeteries (seasons 2011–2016)

63%
Kazimierczak M.
Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization
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2016
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vol. 20
7-26
EN
The Necropolis at Tell el-Murra site, situated in the north-eastern part of the Nile Delta just several kilometres east of Tell el-Farkha, contains 22 marked vessels distributed in nine graves. The tall jars discovered there (wine jars and jars decorated with half-bows) were the most commonly marked items, but signs were also found on other types of vessels: broad-shouldered jars, a barrel-shaped jar, small jars with broad-shoulders, red-coated plates and a bowl. In the course of excavations carried out between 2011 and 2016 at Tell el-Farkha cemetery four vessels with potmarks were found. Marks from both cemeteries correspond with signs published in corpuses from other sites dated to the Early Dynastic period: Tell el-Farkha, Minshat Abu Omar, Kafr Hassan Dawood, Abydos, Abu Roash and others.
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