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1

Jeńcy austro-węgierscy w niewoli rosyjskiej w okresie przedrewolucyjnym (sierpień 1914 – luty 1917)

100%

Miodowski A.

Białostockie Teki Historyczne

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2016

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vol. Białostockie Teki Historyczne, 2016, tom 14

EN

During the Great War between 2.2 and 2.3 million POWs from the Central Powers were taken to Russian captivity. Most of them were citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. They became POWs mostly during the years 1914–1916. Apart from those captured during fighting or wounded, the captivity was the final destination for deserters and those who voluntarily decided to surrender themselves to the enemy on the battlefield. The motives of the latter ones were varied. Irrespective of the circumstances, however, in which the Austro-Hungarian solders found themselves in Russian captivity, their further fates as POWs were equally harsh. The hardships of captivity were felt more by the officers and Austrian and Hungarian soldiers, and to a lesser degree by those from the so-called “friendly nations”. POWs of Slavic ethnicity had been treated, prior to February 1917, relatively favourably and had much more freedom in, for instance, everyday contacts with the Russian civilian population. The period of captivity lasting several years put many Austro-Hungarian POWs (mainly Slavs) onto the path of enculturation with Russianness. That process and a parallel socialisation of this particular group of military men forced to learn to live among Russians both remain the most intriguing and still un-researched social phenomena caused by the Great War. That process gained new dynamics and another direction due to the outbreak of both Russian revolutions in 1917. Especially the latter one brought about by bolsheviks resulted in grave consequences not only in terms of individual dimension affecting individual POWs, but also in a wider social dimension, the consequences of which were to become apparent on a wider spectrum and after a longer time, i.e. in the home countries of the POWs upon their return from captivity.

2

British Film Propaganda in the Netherlands: Its Preconditions and Missed Opportunities

75%

Stachura N.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2018

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issue 27/3

51-81

XX

British film propaganda directed at neutral countries was meant to strengthen the pro-British attitude or at least weaken pro-German sentiments in the neutral countries. Directed at the wide strata of neutral societies as well as at intellectual, military and economic elites, factual films from the battle lines were believed not only to counteract German propaganda but also to overshadow hostile actions taken by British government against economic and political freedoms of the neutrals. This article is an attempt at understanding the reasons for the eventual failure of British film propaganda in the Netherlands. While mentioning various conflict areas between the countries, it focuses on cultural entanglements and cultural networks that developed, though precariously, throughout the war. The neglect of existing connections between British and Dutch filmmakers and the hesitant if not hostile attitude of War Office Cinematograph Committee towards expensive adaptations of literary works, and feature films in general, might be perceived, the article argues, as one of the core reasons, along political and economic tensions, why Britain lost the battle for Dutch cinema audiences.

3

The End of the 1914–1918 War in Africa

75%

Samson A.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2018

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issue 27/3

83-110

XX

The end of the First World War in Africa occurred at different times across the continent as the German colonies capitulated and surrendered to the allied forces between 26 August 1914 and 25 November 1918. The experience of each territory was indicative of its colonial development and local conditions. As the war inched across the landscape so people moved between states of peace and conflict, all caught up in some aspect either directly or through the provision of food and other materials. This chapter explores different experiences across the continent and the legacy of the discussions at Versailles.

4

Why and How Should We ‘Remember’ the Great War?

75%

Sokołowska-Paryż M.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2018

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issue 27/3

5-11

XX

In his alternate history novel After Dachau, Daniel Quinn envisages a chilling dystopian reality two thousand years after the Second World War. The most meaningful scene is set in a history class during which it becomes clear that for both the teacher and the students the battle of Verdun has as little meaning as the battles of Thermopylae and Hastings (120). Despite its ostentatiously implausible plot, Quinn’s novel poses the highly relevant question of the impact of an inevitable and ever-increasing temporal distance on the signifi cance of historical events for contemporary and future generations. In other words, how are societies to ‘remember’ their past if there is no one left who actually remembers it?

5

Witnessing the Great War in Britain: Centenaries and the Making of Modern Identities

75%

Wilson R. J.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2018

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issue 27/3

233-248

XX

As the centenaries of the events of the Great War are commemorated in Britain, a wave of new memorials and commemorative practices have been developed. These are additions to an already well-established ‘landscape of memory,’ with memorials built in the war’s immediate aftermath across villages, towns and cities in Britain. This article examines these new sites of memory and mourning to reveal how social, moral and political identi- ties within contemporary Britain are constructed through places that enable individuals and communities to ‘bear witness’ to the conflict.

6

“War song of America”: The Vigilantes and American Propagandistic Poetry of the First World War

75%

Prieto S.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2018

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issue 27/3

33-49

XX

When the United States entered the First World War in April 1917, the Committee of Public Information (CPI) organised several branches of propaganda to advertise and promote the war in hundreds of magazines and newspapers nationwide. One of these organisations was the group of writers known as “the Vigilantes.” This essay examines Fifes and Drums: A Collection of Poems of America at War (1917), published by the Vigilantes a few months after the American declaration of war. The discussion frames the context under which the Vigilantes conceived their poems as well as the main strategies that they employed to poetically portray the role that the United States was to play in the conflict.

7

Happy is the Land that Needs No Heroes

75%

Coates D.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2018

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issue 27/3

111-142

XX

This essay interrogates two articles by the Canadian historian Jeff Keshen and the Australian historian Mark Sheftall, which assert that the representations of soldiers in the First World War (Anzacs in Australia, members of the Canadian Expeditionary Forces, the CEF), are comparable. I argue, however, that in reaching their conclusions, these historians have either overlooked or insufficiently considered a number of crucial factors, such as the influence the Australian historian/war correspondent C. E. W. Bean had on the reception of Anzacs, whom he venerated and turned into larger-than-life men who liked fighting and were good at it; the significance of the “convict stain” in Australia; and the omission of women writers’ contributions to the “getting of nationhood” in each country. It further addresses why Canadians have not embraced Vimy (a military victory) as their defining moment in the same way as Australians celebrate the landing at Anzac Cove (a military disaster), from which they continue to derive their sense of national identity. In essence, this essay advances that differences between the two nations’ representations of soldiers far outweigh any similarities.

8

Review: Anna Branach-Kallas and Piotr Sadkowski Comparing Grief in French, British and Canadian Great War Fiction (1977–2014) (Katarzyna Więckowska)

75%

Więckowska K.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2018

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issue 27/3

249-255

XX

Comparing Grief in French, British and Canadian Great War Fiction (1977–2014) (2018) by Anna Branach-Kallas and Piotr Sadkowski attests to the widespread and continuing impact of the First World War, which it examines in a selection of British, French, English-Canadian, and French-Canadian novels written in the last forty years. Signifi cantly, in contrast to the prevailing analytical framework, Branach-Kallas and Sadkowski do not focus on literary representations of combat and front life, but on texts that depict the long-lasting aftermath of the war in order to investigate the psychological and social eff ects of the confl ict and to inquire into why the war refuses to be buried in the past. Comparing Grief explores the “changed reality” after the Great War and analyses the cultural trauma produced by the war in France, Canada, and Britain, focusing on shell-shock and the ensuing disintegration of individual identity and communal bonds.

9

Pastoralizm wobec wojny w Tęczy oraz Zakochanych kobietach D.H. Lawrence’a

63%

Wojciechowska S.

Czytanie Literatury. Łódzkie Studia Literaturoznawcze

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2021

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issue 10

217-230

EN

The Great War is a watershed moment in the history of British literature and culture; the pre-WWI period denotes the time of late-Victorian and Edwardian stability whereas the second decade of the twentieth century means instability and uncertainty reaching far beyond the limits of the world of art. The tumult becomes discernible in numerous areas, and in the first place, in a sudden re-awakening of interest in (pseudo)pastoral literature. The article examines two novels by D.H. Lawrence, The Rainbow (1915) and Women in Love (1920), in terms of their endorsement of the pastoral mode. The major question is to what extent the war-time reality influenced the imagery and the application of the well-known pastoral topoi in the literary works under examination.

PL

Dla literatury i kultury brytyjskiej Wielka Wojna stanowi cezurę, wyraźnie oddzilając czasy pokoju i stabilizacji wiktoriańskiej i edwardiańskiej od niepewności wpisanej w wojenną i powojenną rzeczywistość. Stanowczy zwrot w obrazowaniu uwidocznia się na wielu płaszczyznach, również w nagłym zwrocie ku twórczości o charakterze (pseudo)pastoralnym. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza dwóch powieści D.H. Lawrence’a, Tęcza (1915) oraz Zakochane kobiety (1920), dokonywana w świetle konwencji sielankowej. Celem podjętych rozważań jest próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy i w jakim stopniu wojenna rzeczywistość oraz osobiste doświadczenia autora mają wpływ na kształt pastoralizmu w obu powieściach.

10

World Travellers: Colonial Loyalties, Border Crossing and Cosmopolitanism in Recent Postcolonial First World War Novels

63%

Branach-Kallas A.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2018

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issue 27/3

183-200

XX

This article offers a comparative analysis of the representation of travelling men and women in The Sojourn (2003) by Canadian writer Alan Cumyn, The Daughters of Mars (2012) by Australian novelist Thomas Kenneally and Blue Ravens: Historical Novel (2014) by North American indigenous author Gerald Vizenor. These three novels explore the cliché of colonial loyalties, illustrating the diverse motivations that led individuals from North America and Australia to volunteer for the war. Cumyn, Kenneally and Vizenor undermine the stereotypical location of the colonial traveller in an uncultured space; in their fiction the war provides a pretext to expose imperial ideologies, to redefi ne collective identities, as well as to rethink the relationship between the local and the cosmopolitan. As a result, the First World War is reconfi gured in terms of border crossing, contact and/or transcultural exchange, which result in radical shifts in consciousness, a critique of imperialism, as well as aspirations for cultural/political autonomy.

11

Beyond Inclusion and Exclusion. Jewish Experiences of the First World War in Central Europe, ed. Jason Crouthamel, Michael Geheran, Tim Grady, Julia Barbara Köhne, New York – London: Berghahn 2018, 407 pp.

63%

Zieliński K.

Studia Żydowskie. Almanach

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2021

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vol. 11

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issue 11

161-165

EN

Review of book: Beyond Inclusion and Exclusion. Jewish Experiences of the First World War in Central Europe, ed. Jason Crouthamel, Michael Geheran, Tim Grady, Julia Barbara Köhne, New York – London: Berghahn 2018, 407 pp.

PL

Recenzja publikacji: Beyond Inclusion and Exclusion. Jewish Experiences of the First World War in Central Europe, ed. Jason Crouthamel, Michael Geheran, Tim Grady, Julia Barbara Köhne, New York – London: Berghahn 2018, 407 pp.

12

ŻOŁNIERZE US ARMY NA EUROPEJSKICH FRONTACH I WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ

63%

Szczepanik W.

Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem

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2015

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vol. 1(4)

69-81

PL

W pierwszych latach I wojny światowej Stany Zjednoczone prowadziły politykę izolacjonizmu. Przystąpienie Amerykanów do wojny w Europie w 1917 r. miało przechylić szalę zwycięstwa na stronę Ententy, niemniej pierwsze doświadczenia wojny okopowej szybko uzmysłowiły amerykańskim dowódcom jak bardzo podlegli im żołnierze nie są przygotowani do realiów konfliktu nowego typu. Dopiero zyskiwane stopniowo doświadczenie wojenne pozwoliło armii amerykańskiej osiągnąć odpowiedni poziom bojowy. O ile udział Amerykanów w walkach na froncie zachodnim nie był decydujący o powodzeniu kampanii to i tak stanowił poważny wkład w zwycięstwo nad Niemcami.

EN

In the early years of the Great War the United States of America had decided to maintain the policy of isolationism. Joining of the Americans onto war was believed to turn the tide on the side of the Entente, but the first experiences of the trench warfare quickly realized the US Army commanders how green and unprepared their subordinates were. The early days of fighting showed that the US Army was not prepared for the realities of the new type of conflict. Only gradually gained war experience allowed the US military to achieve an adequate combat level. Even though the Americans did not turn the tide their presence on the Western Front was a great contribution to the victory over Germany

13

How to Tell the War? Trench Warfare and the Realist Paradigm in First World War Narratives

51%

Löschnigg M.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

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2018

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issue 27/3

143-161

XX

This paper will analyze how memoirs and novels of the First World War reflect the challenges which modern warfare poses to realist narrative. Mechanized warfare resists the narrative encoding of experience. In particular, the nature of warfare on the Western Front 1914–1918, characterized by the fragmentation of vision in the trenches and the exposure of soldiers to a continuous sequence of acoustic shocks, had a disruptive effect on perceptions of time and space, and consequently on the rendering of the chronotope in narrative accounts of the fighting. Under the conditions of the Western Front, the order-creating and meaning-creating function of narrative seemed to have become suspended. As I want to show, these challenges account for a fundamental ambivalence in memoirs and novels which have largely been regarded as paradigmatically ‘realistic’ and ‘authentic’ anti-war narratives. Their documentary impetus, i.e. the claim to tell the ‘truth’ about the war, is often countered by textual fragmentation and a “cinematic telescoping of time” (Williams 29), i.e. by a structure which implies that such a ‘truth’ could not really be articulated. In consequence, these texts also explore the relationship between fact and fiction in the attempt at rendering an authentic account of the modern war experience. My examples are Edmund Blunden’s Undertones of War (1928), Robert Graves’s Goodbye to All That (1929) and the novel Generals Die in Bed (1930) by the Canadian Charles Yale Harrison, as well as German examples like Ernst Jünger’s In Stahlgewittern (1920; The Storm of Steel, 1929), Ludwig Renn’s Krieg (1928; War, 1929) and Edlef Köppen’s Heeresbericht (1930; Higher Command, 1931).

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9 Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

1 Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem

1 Białostockie Teki Historyczne

1 Czytanie Literatury. Łódzkie Studia Literaturoznawcze

1 Studia Żydowskie. Almanach

1 Branach-Kallas A.

1 Coates D.

1 Löschnigg M.

1 Miodowski A.

1 Prieto S.

1 Samson A.

1 Sokołowska-Paryż M.

1 Stachura N.

1 Szczepanik W.

1 Wilson R. J.

1 Więckowska K.

1 Wojciechowska S.

1 Zieliński K.

2 2021

9 2018

1 2016

1 2015

Jeńcy austro-węgierscy w niewoli rosyjskiej w okresie przedrewolucyjnym (sierpień 1914 – luty 1917)

British Film Propaganda in the Netherlands: Its Preconditions and Missed Opportunities

The End of the 1914–1918 War in Africa

Why and How Should We ‘Remember’ the Great War?

Witnessing the Great War in Britain: Centenaries and the Making of Modern Identities

“War song of America”: The Vigilantes and American Propagandistic Poetry of the First World War

Happy is the Land that Needs No Heroes

Review: Anna Branach-Kallas and Piotr Sadkowski Comparing Grief in French, British and Canadian Great War Fiction (1977–2014) (Katarzyna Więckowska)

Pastoralizm wobec wojny w Tęczy oraz Zakochanych kobietach D.H. Lawrence’a

World Travellers: Colonial Loyalties, Border Crossing and Cosmopolitanism in Recent Postcolonial First World War Novels

Beyond Inclusion and Exclusion. Jewish Experiences of the First World War in Central Europe, ed. Jason Crouthamel, Michael Geheran, Tim Grady, Julia Barbara Köhne, New York – London: Berghahn 2018, 407 pp.

ŻOŁNIERZE US ARMY NA EUROPEJSKICH FRONTACH I WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ

How to Tell the War? Trench Warfare and the Realist Paradigm in First World War Narratives