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1

Rola Kościoła polskiego w odzyskaniu skarbów wawelskich

100%

Szymański A.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2011

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vol. IX

221-234

EN

The paper discusses the backstage of the negotiations concerning the return to Poland of the priceless collection of the so-called the Wawel treasure, which had survived the wartime storm being deposited in Canada. The negotiations were, in its major part, carried out by the Polish Church. The authorities of the Polish People’s Republic, beginning with 1945, constantly pressed the Canadian government and demanded that the deposit should be returned. On the other hand, the guardians of the treasure were of the opinion that it would not be safe in Poland – at that time remaining a satellite state to the Soviet Union, and „Russians once again can behave like in 1795, when they took away the tapestries and other objects of value from the Wawel”. In the end, the valuable deposit (136 tapestries and other museum exhibits packed into 24 boxes) returned to Poland on 16 January 1961. That would not have been possible had it not been for intensive negotiations lasting a few years prior to that, which were conducted by the Primate of Poland, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński. With the authority of the Church, the Cardinal supported the efforts to have the treasure returned to the nation who was its righteous owner. The second part of the publication presents some information relating to the subject matter in question, which was found in the Western media.

2

Rozwój szkolnictwa podstawowego w gminie Będzino w latach 1945–1954

99%

Skonieczny T.

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

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2013

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issue 29

117-134

EN

The article is based on the archives portraying the formation process of Polish schools and cultural institutions as a result of the transformations of the educational system. It presents the condition of the teaching staff and the financial base related to the density of population. The author pays attention to such problems as the lack of staff, funds and equipment. He discusses the forms of co-operation with parents and the society, the participation in all-Polish actions organized by state authorities, especially in the action of fighting illiteracy. The supplement includes the schedule and the curriculum from those times. The article is concluded with the description of the end of the existence of the community of Będzino in its primitive, post-war shape.

PL

Education on the area of post-war community Będzino (1945–1954) The article is based on the archives portraying the formation process of Polish schools and cultural institutions as a result of the transformations of the educational system. It presents the condition of the teaching staff and the financial base related to the density of population. The author pays attention to such problems as the lack of staff, funds and equipment. He discusses the forms of co-operation with parents and the society, the participation in all-Polish actions organized by state authorities, especially in the action of fighting illiteracy. The supplement includes the schedule and the curriculum from those times. The article is concluded with the description of the end of the existence of the community of Będzino in its primitive, post-war shape.

3

Problem katyński w podręcznikach polskich i sowieckich w XX wieku

72%

Składanowski H.

Nowa Polityka Wschodnia

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2016

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vol. 1(10)

153-171

EN

Katyn crime, also known as the Katyn massacre, committed on the orders of the authority of the Soviet country, then treated as classified information, finally totally denied, was one of those historical facts that were kept secret for a very long time. From 1943 when it was revealed to 1990 the soviet Union denied their responsibility for the massacre. It changed on 13 April 1990 when the government agency TASS released the official statement confirming the soviet commission of the crime. Therefore I found it very sensible to analyze the problem of Katyn crime in various history course books in Poland and Russia, formerly The Soviet Union. In the communist times in Poland the authors of history course books generally omitted the problem although surprisingly it appeared in so called Stalin times and in the eighties when Poland was governed by general Wojciech Jaruzelski. It looked similar in the Soviet Union. The situation changed at the end of Michail Gorbaczow pierestojka and glasnost period when the students of the 11th grade were informed in their history course books about the death of Polish officers in Katyn in 1940.

RU

Катынский расстрел, из-за осуществления его по поручению руководства советского государства и введения секретности действий, а также созна тельного затирания его совершения в более позднем периоде, был одним из дольше всего скрываемых исторических фактов. С момента его выявления в 1943 году и вплоть до 1990 года руководство СССР отрицало свою ответственность за катынский расстрел. Перелом наступил 13 апреля 1990 года, когда государственное Агентство ТАСС выдало официальное заявление, подтверждающее совершение этого преступления советской стороной. Поскольку раньше повсеместно отрицалось совершение этого преступления советской стороной – так в Советском Союзе, как и в Польской Народной Республике. Поэтому имело смысл вновь проанализировать вопрос катынского расстрела, который появлялся в школьных учебниках по истории в Польской Народной Республике и Советском Союзе. В периоде ПНР тема катынского расстрела обычно умалчивалась в учебниках по истории, однако появлялась в них в наименее ожидаемых моментах, то есть во времена сталинизма и в период правления ген. Войцеха Ярузелського в 80-е гг. XX века, но по разным поводам и причинам. Похожим образом выглядела ситуация в Советском Союзе, где лишь в последнем периоде перестройки и гласности Михаила Горбачева в 1989–1990 гг. Были введены радикальные изменения в школьных учебниках по истории для 11-го класса средней школы, информируя, что раскрытые данные подтверждают смерть польских офицеров в Катыни действительно в 1940 году, то есть ее совершили россияне.

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1 Szymański A.

Rola Kościoła polskiego w odzyskaniu skarbów wawelskich

Rozwój szkolnictwa podstawowego w gminie Będzino w latach 1945–1954

Problem katyński w podręcznikach polskich i sowieckich w XX wieku