Search results

1

Human remains from Tomb MMA 514 in North Asasif: preliminary assessment

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Campbell R. A.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2018

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vol. 27(1)

195-202

EN

Since 2013 the Asasif Project has conducted excavations of several Middle Kingdom tombs in the North Asasif Necropolis under the direction of Patryk Chudzik. Located adjacent to the New Kingdom temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el Bahri in southern Egypt, these tombs were originally excavated in the early 20th century by H.E. Winlock. This article describes the results of a preliminary inventory of the human remains left behind from Winlock’s excavations of one of these tombs, MMA 514, and its associated funerary complex. This tomb was reused at least twice in antiquity after the original interment, and Winlock’s sometimes cursory (by modern standards) excavation methods have produced a highly mixed archaeological assemblage of human and faunal remains as well as archaeological artifacts from various time periods. In 2017, this author joined the Asasif Project for a very brief part of the excavation season to assess the condition and distribution of human remains from Tomb MMA 514. Although the human remains are in various stages of preservation and are highly fragmented, it is possible to identify at least nine separate individuals, ranging in age from infancy to adulthood.

2

Two houses from the Third Intermediate Period settlement at Tell el-Retaba: a case study of activity-area analysis

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Jarmużek Ł., Ryś A., Wodzińska A., Rzepka S.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2020

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vol. 29(2)

131-166

EN

In 2019, the Polish–Slovak Archaeological Mission in Tell el-Retaba continued the excavation of a Third Intermediate Period settlement in Area 9. The paper presents two houses, {1095} and {3111}, in detail. Activity-area analysis is employed to determine the main occupations of the inhabitants in successive phases. The analysis is based on the archaeological assemblage recorded from these features, including small finds, pottery, and installationse.

3

A Third Intermediate Period openwork piece of funerary equipment from the Chapel of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari

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Stupko-Lubczyńska A.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2015

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vol. 24(2)

169-182

EN

A set of wooden figures representing female deities with painted fronts and flat backs was identified in the archaeological material coming from recent excavations in the Chapel of Hatshepsut. The fragments were scattered through the shafts of Third Intermediate Period date. Most probably they had once formed a single piece of funerary equipment from one of the burials. Remains of nine figures were distinguished. These were divided into two groups by size. The smallscale figures had outstretched arms, while the big-scale ones were shown with one arm raised and the other lowered alongside the body. They are presumed to have been attached to a flat wooden background. Both iconographical types are attested in the decoration of mortuary equipment from the New Kingdom on, though no object decorated with the same set of goddesses has been found so far.

4

Tell el-Retaba, season 2012/ Appendix: Tell el-Retaba 2012. Preliminary report on archaeobotanical investigations

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Rzepka S., Hudec J., Jarmużek Ł., Hulková L., Dubcová V., Malleson C.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2015

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vol. 24(1)

139-163

EN

The sixth season of fieldwork of the Tell el-Retaba Archaeological Mission has brought a number of significant results. For the first time remains of a Hyksos settlement (beside the previously known cemetery) were uncovered. Exploration of a large, regularly planned building, divided into a number of standardized flats, brought new evidence for the reconstruction of the function and organization of a strongly fortified town, which existed on the site during the Twentieth Dynasty. Remains of a Third Intermediate Period settlement showed that after the New Kingdom there was a clear change in the settlement pattern in Tell el-Retaba.

5

Tell el-Retaba, season 2016

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Rzepka S., Hudec J., Jarmużek Ł., Dubcová V., Hulková L.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2017

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vol. 26(1)

109-135

EN

Excavations of the Polish–Slovak Archaeological Mission in Tell el-Retaba in 2016 were continued in the western part of the site, uncovering remains of domestic and funerary structures from the Second Intermediate Period in Area 4. Houses from the first half of the Eighteenth Dynasty were also investigated in this area. In Area 9, several houses from the Third Intermediate Period were explored and, for the first time, also substantial remains of a Late Period settlement, including at least one “tower house”.

6

Third Intermediate Period funerary assemblages from the Chapel of HatshepsutPart 1. Coffins and cartonnages from the Twenty-second to Twenty-fifth Dynasties

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Payraudeau F.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2018

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vol. 27(2)

301-324

EN

The text catalogues the best preserved pieces of coffins and cartonnages excavated from the burials made on the Third Terrace of the Temple of Hatsheput in the Third Intermediate Period when the ruins were used as a burial ground for noblemen, in particular the family of Vizier Padiamunet. Hundreds of fragments were found since the 1930s (not all have survived and the fragmentation and mixing of the finds make it a very difficult material to study). On typological and epigraphic grounds the remains were assigned to the third part of the Twenty-second and the larger part of the Twenty-fifth Dynasties.

7

Tell el-Retaba 2014–2015

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Rzepka S., Hudec J., Jarmużek Ł., Dubcová V., Hulková L., Odler M., Šefčáková A., Sójka P.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2016

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vol. 25

193-225

EN

The excavation at Tell el-Retaba in 2014 and 2015 comprised three seasons of fieldwork, carried out in sectors of the site already opened in previous years. The earliest archaeological remains date from the Second Intermediate Period and represent a Hyksos settlement and cemetery. Ruins of an early Eighteenth Dynasty settlement, fortresses from the Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties and from the Third Intermediate Period settlement continued to be excavated as well. Of note are some archaeological remains from the 17th–19th centuries, presented for the first time in the fieldwork report.

8

Tell el-Retaba (West): season 2019

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Hudec J., Dubcova V., Hulkova L., Wodzińska A.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2020

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vol. 29(2)

111-130

EN

Area 4 north of the Migdol was the focus of the 2019 season excavations. An apparent well from Phase G3 was discovered with some pottery sherds inside dating from the end of the Middle Kingdom. In the early Eighteenth Dynasty it was turned into a cemetery; seven tombs discovered this season provided the first evidence of suprapositioning of grave structures in this part of the burial ground. The outskirts of the Phase G settlement and cemetery may have been reached in the excavation. Mud-brick structures from Phase F3 were used for domestic and crafting activities. A battery of ovens continued to be excavated. Parts of Phase F2 architecture were excavated beside the Migdol and below the platform of Wall 2. Artifacts and raw materials indicated long-distance contacts. Metal objects (rings, needles) and arrowheads were also discovered. Phase D4 was represented by the remains of a transport route/walkway. Two silos and a fireplace enclosed by a wall dated to phase C.

9

Clay funerary figurines from tombs MMA 1151 and MMA 1152 in Sheikh Abd el-Gurna

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Kaczanowicz M.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2018

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vol. 27(2)

259-274

EN

A significant number of clay ushebtis comes from two Middle Kingdom tombs MMA 1151 and 1152 investigated by a Polish team in Western Thebes. The funerary figurines belong to a later phase of tomb reuse in the first millennium BC. Nine types were distinguished: six of baked clay and three of unbaked clay. The types and their distribution in the Theban necropolis are discussed in this paper, including the implications of these findings for the debate on the existence of workshops manufacturing funerary goods in Thebes

10

Ushebtis of the Third Intermediate Period from the Chapel of Hatshepsut in the Queen’s temple at Deir el-Bahari

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Makowska A.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2015

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vol. 24(2)

137-160

EN

A collection of 619 whole and fragmentary ushebti figurines dating from the Third Intermediate Period was recovered between 2004 and 2007 by the Polish team excavating in the Chapel of Hatshepsut, an integral part of the Queen Pharaoh’s mortuary temple in Deir el-Bahari. The figurines include objects of faience, clay and painted clay, all relatively small and roughly modelled. They represent a category of objects that is seldom published separately. The paper presents a typology of the ushebtis based primarily on the material from which they were produced, discussing their chronology and find contexts as well.

11

Faience objects from the Tomb MMA 1152 at Sheikh Abd el-Gurna

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Chudzik P., Ćwiek A.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2015

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vol. 24(1)

701-707

EN

Excavations in the area of tomb MMA 1152 at Sheikh Abd el-Gurna, conducted since 2003, have uncovered a substantial set of faience objects coming from burials made there during the later Pharaonic Period, before the tomb became a hermitage for Coptic monks. Analysis of the material points to several episodes of reuse of the original Middle Kingdom structure in the Third Intermediate Period and the Late Period.

12

Tell el-Retaba: season 2017

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Hudec J., Jarmużek Ł., Hulkova L., Fulajtar E., Dubcova V., Rzepka S., Ryś A.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2018

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vol. 27(1)

93-122

EN

The 2017 season of archaeological excavation at the site of Tell el-Retaba in the Nile Delta in Egypt led to several interesting discoveries. Two of these concerned burials: a Hyksos tomb from the Second Intermediate Period, robbed but with some remains of the original furnishings, and pit burials from the early Eighteenth Dynasty, one of which was richly endowed with silver jewelry. Meriting note is the discovery of moats belonging to the defenses of the Nineteenth Dynasty fortress. Exploration of a crowded Third Intermediate Period settlement was continued.

13

Textilní produkce ve starém Egyptě a její doklady z Abúsíru

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Wollnerová D.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2019

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issue 22

106-116

EN

The aim of this article is to present the textile production in ancient Egypt. This material figured prominently in all aspects of life of the Egyptians. Information about it derives from the fabrics themselves and from the representation on tomb-paintings and models of workshops. In the first part, the author points to different uses of textile as documented in archaeological finds. Besides the clothes it was plentifully needed in the households, for funeral use, in religion and it has also its economical function. The second part deals with the technology of production of textile. The most common raw material for production was flax, but infrequently other plant or animal materials were also used. The prepared flax yarns had to be spun and iconographical sources show that there were several ways in which this activity was carried out. Special attention is paid to weaving. Findings indicate that in ancient Egypt two types of looms were known – horizontal and vertical. The extent of use of both of these types has been discussed by researchers for a long time. The finished products could be decorated in a variety of ways, the article presents especially those that are used on material from Abusir. Finally, various archaeological contexts of Abusir textile finds are outlined along with the functions of this material. Examples of some most interesting textile finds are also presented. Due to the character of the site, they are dated to the Third and First Millennium BC.

CS

Cílem tohoto článku je na základě archeologických i ikonografických pramenů představit textilní produkci ve starověkém Egyptě. Látky a výrobky z nich představovaly totiž velmi důležitou komoditu provázející každodenní život člověka. První část se zaměřuje na různé použití textilu, tak jak ho dokumentují archeologické nálezy, kromě odívání byl totiž textil přirozeně hojně využíván v domácnosti, pro funerální potřeby, v náboženství, měl také svou ekonomickou funkci. Druhá část pojednává o technologii výroby tkanin a textilních produktů. Nejběžnější surovinou pro výrobu byl len, ale vzácněji se používaly také jiné rostlinné či živočišné materiály. Připravená lněná vlákna bylo nutné upříst, ikonografické prameny ukazují, že existovalo několik způsobů, jakými byla tato činnost prováděna. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována tkaní. Nálezy naznačují, že ve starověkém Egyptě byly známy dva druhy tkalcovských stavů – horizontální a vertikální. Rozsah používání obou těchto typů je badateli dlouho diskutován, nejasná je zejména otázka, kdy a za jakých podmínek začal být používán vertikální stav. Hotový textilní výrobek mohl být zdoben nejrůznějšími způsoby, článek představuje zvláště ty, které se objevují na abúsírských nálezech. Závěrem jsou zmíněny různé archeologické kontexty, ze kterých pochází tkaniny z královské nekropole v Abúsíru, a zároveň jsou uvedeny příklady těch nejzajímavějších zdejších látek, datovaných, vzhledem k charakteru lokality, do 3. a 1. tisíciletí př. Kr.

14

Tell el-Retaba 2012: the pottery

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Wodzińska A.

Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean

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2015

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vol. 24(1)

164-172

EN

Archaeological remains excavated by the Polish–Slovak Archaeological Mission in Tell el-Retaba can be well dated to the New Kingdom till the Late Period. During the 2012 season domestic layers from the Hyksos period were found, indicating that the site was occupied for the first time around the end of the Thirteenth and beginning of the Fifteenth Dynasties. Next to the houses three Hyksos graves were found. Archaeological work also revealed houses from the early Eighteenth Dynasty located just above the Hyksos structures in Area 7. Very interesting material came from the late Twentieth Dynasty and Third Intermediate Period houses excavated in Area 9. Rich pottery assemblages mostly of domestic character have been recovered from all of the structures.

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Tell el-Retábí - život sídliska a pevnosti vo Wádí Tumilát

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Dubcová V., Hulková L.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

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2016

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issue 16

7-19

EN

This paper presents the results of nine seasons of the joint Polish-Siovak archaeological mission in Tell ei-Retaba in Wadi Tumilat, conducted since 2007. The results of the excavation have been published so far in several preliminary reports. The work of the Polish-Siovak team at the site has brought new insights into the long history of the site and corrected some outdated information, based on more or less regular initial surveys and excavations. In this article, the main features of the settlement in respective periods are described, starting with the oldest occupation phase during the Second Intermediate Period, represented by a cemetery and a settlement. The excavated archaeological material sheds more light on the problematic end of this period and informs us about life during the early New Kingdom. It has enabled us to much better reconstruct the development of the Ramesside fortresses with their elaborated fortification system, temple as well as buildings for their inhabitants. Important proofs of far-reaching international contacts with the regions of Levant as well as the Aegean have been found. Last but not least, the later life of the settlement during the Third Intermediate Period can now be partly reconstructed, showing the continuing importance of the site.

Refine search results

Human remains from Tomb MMA 514 in North Asasif: preliminary assessment

Two houses from the Third Intermediate Period settlement at Tell el-Retaba: a case study of activity-area analysis

A Third Intermediate Period openwork piece of funerary equipment from the Chapel of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari

Tell el-Retaba, season 2012/ Appendix: Tell el-Retaba 2012. Preliminary report on archaeobotanical investigations

Tell el-Retaba, season 2016

Third Intermediate Period funerary assemblages from the Chapel of HatshepsutPart 1. Coffins and cartonnages from the Twenty-second to Twenty-fifth Dynasties

Tell el-Retaba 2014–2015

Tell el-Retaba (West): season 2019

Clay funerary figurines from tombs MMA 1151 and MMA 1152 in Sheikh Abd el-Gurna

Ushebtis of the Third Intermediate Period from the Chapel of Hatshepsut in the Queen’s temple at Deir el-Bahari

Faience objects from the Tomb MMA 1152 at Sheikh Abd el-Gurna

Tell el-Retaba: season 2017

Textilní produkce ve starém Egyptě a její doklady z Abúsíru

Tell el-Retaba 2012: the pottery

Tell el-Retábí - život sídliska a pevnosti vo Wádí Tumilát