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EN
The main aim of this paper is to explain the nature of the maker of this cosmos, the demiurge, as presented by Plato in his Timaeus. In the first chapter, the reasons for Plato’s use of the demiurgic scheme are stated and it is explained why the maker needs to be understood as distinct from its product. The following chapter deals with the actual making of the world and with the related question of likening the world to something. It is first argued that in certain respects the world is being likened to the demiurge himself and this thesis consequently leads to a further inquiry into his nature. Since the demiurge’s most important characteristic is his possession of νοῦς, the text proceeds to an analysis of this concept and its relationship to the soul. In accordance with the results of this inquiry, the demiurge is interpreted as a primordial non-bodily, non-ensouled, yet alive and intelligent deity who is a very peculiar part of the realm of eternal beings. The final chapter deals with the closely related question of the model which the demiurge looks to when creating the world. It distinguishes between holistic and non-holistic readings of the model and presents arguments in favour of the latter.
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Zagadka Timajosa

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EN
This article focuses around the riddle, which Timaeus asks Socrates. I will therefore deal with troublesome absence of Socrates in troublesome dialogue of Plato’s. I will deal with a riddle and I will try to remember that the riddle is deadly dangerous, at least for those who deal with wisdom, and therefore perhaps especially for philosophers. I will evoke the fragment B 56 of Heraclitus, where we can hear the story about Homer’s death. Briefly: I will be wondering why Socrates is not dead after hearing riddle of Timaeus.
EN
Timaeus, a dialogue of Plato regarded by scholars as “the Platonists’ Bible”, was interpreted allegorically even in the time of the Old Academy (4th century BCE). In the Hellenistic period (1st-3rd centuries CE), especially among the philosophers known as Middle Platonists, there was great debate over the theses that appear in it. The main question was whether the world was created in time or ab aeterno, and most of the Middle Platonic philosophers believed that the world must be eternal. By the first century CE, this discussion had also been joined by Jewish and Christian Platonists such as Philo of Alexandria, Clement of Alexandria and Origen. In their opinion, God, because he is unchanging but at the same time good, must not have started to operate only at the moment of the creation of the world, but before. Yet the Scriptures state that the world began to exist at a particular point in time. Therefore, Christian Platonists postulated the eternal generation or production of the world of ideas (kosmos noetos), which, since it is the world of God’s thoughts, exists ab aeterno in the Divine Logos. The concept of generatio aeterna (that is, the eternal generation of the Son by the Father), which we find in Origen’s works, is related to this ongoing discussion about the eternal nature of the world. This article aims to present the facets of this ancient debate while emphasizing the links between the arguments advanced by the Middle Platonists and those found in the various hypotheses of Origen.  
PL
Dialog Platona Timajos, uznawany przez uczonych za „Biblię Platoników”, był interpretowany alegorycznie już w Starej Akademii (IV w. przed Chr.). W epoce hellenistycznej (I–III w. po Chr.) natomiast, w kręgach filozofów zwanych medioplatonikami, toczyła się poważna dyskusja na temat tez, które w nim się pojawiają. Zasadnicza kwestia dotyczyła tego, czy świat powstał w czasie, czy też istnieje ab aeterno. Większość filozofów medioplatońskich uważała, że świat musi być odwieczny. W dyskusji tej, począwszy od I w. po Chr., uczestniczyli również platonicy żydowscy i chrześcijańscy, tacy jak Filon Aleksandryjski, Klemens Aleksandryjski i Orygenes. W ich opinii Bóg, ponieważ jest niezmienny a zarazem dobry, nie zaczął działać dopiero w momencie stworzenia świata. Pismo Święte stwierdza jednak, że świat zaczął istnieć w czasie. W związku z tym, postulowani oni odwieczne rodzenie świata idei (kosmos noetos), który jako świat myśli Boga, istnieje ab aeterno w Boskim Logosie. Koncepcja generatio aeterna (czyli odwiecznego rodzenia Syna przez Ojca), którą znajdujemy w dziełach Orygenesa, jest związana z prowadzoną w tym czasie dyskusją na temat wieczności świata. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie tej dyskusji i uwypuklenie zależności, jakie zachodzą między argumentami stawianymi przez medioplatoników, a tymi, które znajdujemy w różnych hipotezach Orygenesa.
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