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1
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Kreolizacja kulturowa we współczesnym Togo

100%
Pawlik J. J.
Forum Politologiczne
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2004
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vol. 1 - Z problemów społeczno-politycznych współczesnej Afryki subsaharyjskiej
15-37
EN
Creolisation is a root metaphor for the process of creative reinterpretation of the central culture in the culture of the periphery. The article analyses three examples of cultural creolisation in contemporary Togo. Firstly, the ritual of the flag, introduced in the colonial time, remains important public ceremony connected with traditional forms of politeness. Secondly, the „cultural animation", being an official practice of the political propaganda through ca. 20 years, implanted the North-Korean model of political religion on the ground of African predisposition to rhythm and dance. Third example is focused on the feast of the new yams celebrated in Bassar Region. This traditional agricultural and family feast was recuperated by the authorities. Nowadays it becomes a vast political event. The official discourse links the protection of family spirits and the providential politics of the State as source of prosperity and welfare.
2
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Mikołaj Grunitzky - syn Polaka u sterów Republiki Togijskiej

63%
Pawlik J. J.
Forum Politologiczne
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2006
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vol. 3 - Kontakty polsko-afrykańskie. Przeszłość, teraźniejszość, przyszłość
123-137
EN
Only few Polish people, working in Africa in colonial period, passed to the history. The name of one of them is only known, because his son made a successful political career. The article, divided into three parties, presents first, the economical and social context in the town of origin of Nicolas Grunitzky at his birth in 1913; second, the political career of Grunitzky as a leader of Togolese Party of Progress and his work as Prime Minister of Autonomous Republic, and third, the short time of Togolese history when Grunitzky was the President of the Republic. Nicolas Grunitzky was very honest and intelligent person, but as a politician, making his politics dependent to the ancient colonial power, has been defeated.
3
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Wykorzystanie przestrzeni społecznej do manifestacji władzy w Lomé stolicy Togo

51%
Pawlik J. J.
Forum Politologiczne
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2012
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vol. 13 - "Stare" i "nowe" mocarstwa w Afryce - stygmaty kulturowe, religijne, polityczne, ekonomiczne i społeczne
321-343
EN
The social space generated for the political power is functional as the place of government and official residence of governing people. It is also symbolic because it expresses the prestige of power and the accepted ideology. The official buildings are the appropriated means to deploy the image of power. The paper presents some official buildings in Lomé, capital of Togo, and analyses their symbolic signification. As first example, it is the Governor Palace, huge, nice building constructed at the beginning of 20th century, used were changed their significance over time. As a second example service buildings constructed at the Place of Independence around the Monument of Independence. The author argues the recent history expressed through official buildings shows that it is difficult to construct the imagery of hopeful future in Togo because there are no clear and solid „lieux de memoire" that can serve as roots.
4
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Rodzina afrykańska u Ewe, część I

44%
Sito E.
Afryka
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2017
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issue 46
11-40
EN
The discussion of the subject is preceded by a comprehensive introduction that brings the Ewe people, inhabiting southern Togo and Benin, closer to the reader. Based on historical data and oral tradition, an outline of Ewe’s political structure is presented, starting from the 17th century to the present moment, followed by a description of the traditional social organisation of this people, along with information on the diverse social status of individuals. In this context, the available piecemeal information about the forms of modern slavery and trafficking is included. The main topic is the presentation of Ewe’s traditional kinship system and the importance of family ties. The religious and genealogical dimension of the family is subject to a detailed analysis. A reconstruction of traditional customs, based on information from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, is the starting point for presenting the institution of marriage. The article presents in detail the various stages of entering into a marriage: from getting to know each other and the period of engagement, negotiations regarding the size of the dowry, to the description of the wedding rituals. The article ends with information on the changes in marriage customs in the period after the creation of the independent state of Togo.
5
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Prawo i sprawiedliwość w kulturze Ewe. Osądzanie i przebaczanie

38%
Sito E.
Afryka
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2019
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issue 49
11-32
EN
Starting from the definition of the concept of law among the Ewe people, se (its literal meaning is a border that should not be crossed) and justice dzodzoenyenye (in the ontological sense) and nutefew (in the existential sense), this article presents the process of judgment and forgiveness in the culture of Ewe people living in southern Togo and Benin. In Ewe culture, the judgment process takes place within the community, the immediate family or among the villagers. Wrongdoing is defined as disregarding the relationship with the god Mawu, insulting the deities of Tro or voodoo, disrespecting ancestors or committing offenses against a family or village. These offences are reflected in the language, in expressions describing the misdeeds. Then the process of judgment itself is presented, with traditional judgment procedures, traditional trial, judgment, forgiveness and cleansing. The acts and consequences of adultery and the afofofo cleansing ritual are also analysed. The verdict itself, importantly, is dictated by a desire to resolve the conflict and put an end to the dissonance in the community.
6
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Rodzina afrykańska u Ewe, południowe Togo – część II

38%
Sito E.
Afryka
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2018
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issue 48
11-28
EN
Based on many years of field research, basic information about the institution of marriage in Togo and a characteristic of various types of marriages were presented: revenge marriage, forced marriage, civil marriage, religious marriage and polygynous marriage. The second part of the study presents the problem of divorce. Characteristics of both the civil path to getting a divorce and a divorce obtained in accordance with traditional procedures are given. This part also includes an anthropological-sociological analysis of the breakdown of marriages.
7
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O tožské češtině

36%
Hrdlička M. H.
Bohemistyka
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2017
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issue 4
383-389
EN
In today’s corpus era, linguists most often work with real language material,  with written or spoken texts. Based on the knowledge of the national language development it is also possible to reconstruct unpreserved or fragmentary historical forms of morphology etc. It is also interesting to try to predict a virtual outcome of mutual language effect of various languages that did not take place due to political reasons. In the 1920s, it was considered that the newly established independent Czechoslovakia (1918) would get a former German colony in Togo as a war reparation. This text looks at the hypothetical form of Togolese Czech that could have been formed by the contact of the local native languages, German and Czech as the incoming colonial language. 
CS
Lingvisté pracují v současné korpusové éře nejčastěji s reálným řečovým materiálem, s psanými nebo mluvenými texty. Na základě poznatků o vývoji národního jazyka je ale možné rekonstruovat i nedochované nebo neúplné historické podoby jeho morfologických forem aj. Je také zajímavé pokusit se o prognózu virtuálního výsledku vzájemného působení různorodých jazyků, který se z politických důvodů nerealizovalo. Ve 20. letech 20. století se uvažovalo o tom, že nové samostatné Československo (1918) by mohlo získat jako válečnou reparaci bývalou německou kolonii Togo. V textu jde o hypotetickou podobu tožské češtiny, která by se utvářela na základě kontaktu tamních domorodých jazyků, němčiny a češtiny jako nastupujícího koloniální jazyka.
8
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Recepcja obecności Instytutów Konfucjusza w wybranych krajach Afryki Zachodniej.

32%
Bakalarska M.
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
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2015
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issue 3
89-102
EN
The article presents current problems related to the Chinese cultural and educational activity in West Africa, developed since 2008 through Confucius Institutes. First part focuses on theoretical framework of concepts soft power and cultural diplomacy as tools of the Chinese foreign policy in West African states. Then, background and aims of establishment of Confucius Institutes were explained in a global, and regional, sub-Saharan context. Second part describes three main types of reactions of Africans for Confucius Institutes in West Africa. Apart from the general tendencies, described in the literature, author refers to first-hand statements of Nigerian students and lecturers from the local branches of the Confucius Institute. In the final remarks, common features of Confucianism and African values with contribute to „sino-optimistic” attitude where highlighted. They result in enthusiastic reception of the educational/propaganda offer of the Confucius Institutes in Africa.
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