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XX
Przedstawiono model ekonometryczny zbudowany do określenia determinantów popytu na krajowe usługi turystyczne. Do jego konstrukcji wykorzystano dane kwartalne obejmujące okres od 1990 do 1999.
EN
In this article the author presents selected legal aspects of urban tourism in the light of the Act on Tourist Services. He discusses in this context, among other issues, the organization of package travel, legal aspects of city guides and the types of buildings in which hotel services may be provided.
EN
There is opportunity of new solutions for the local development which can be tourism. It influences on region's character, shape and structure. Competitiveness of regions where there are touristic areas can be identified with their position on the tourism market. The analyze of development opportunities in tourism and tourism economics and their influence on the region brings the author to consider some important questions: what determines the tourism and tourism economics development? who and how contributes to improvement of their competitiveness? is it possible that tourism economics develops in regions where tourism plays neutral or stimulating roles? The article tries to answer the questions.
EN
The paper identifies basic issues related to the development of tourism in large cities and metropoles, based on literature studies. The author refers to the problem of defining of urban tourism and its scope. It was assumed that present-day urban tourism is large cities tourism. Particular attention was paid to the need for urban policy of tourism and tourism management according to principles of sustainable development as an essential condition for effectiveness of this policy.
EN
The article aims to identify the behaviours of French tourists in the consumption of products of the urban tourism. The tourist function of the contemporary cities was discussed as well as the essence and importance of urban tourism was explained (in it also for Poland). Next France was showed as the important emissive market in the European tourism as well as arrivals of visitors from that country to Poland in the 90s XX and at the beginning the 21st century were analysed. Finally, using the results of research of tourist movement in Krakow, a behavioural profile of the French tourist - participant urban tourism was specified.
EN
Spa tourism is part of health tourism. Its basic purpose is to stay at the resort and use its facilities and methods of spa treatment in order maintain and improve health. Spa tourism is thus defined as traveling to spa resorts. The main purpose of such trips is to improve physical and mental well-being. Spas and the related services play an important role in ensuring socio-economic conditions while providing rest, recuperation, rehabilitation and prevention and therefore it is contributing to the health of citizens. On the other hand, they play an important role in the economy of cities and regions, stimulating economic development of the resorts, creating new jobs and activating local communities. Tourism which includes the trips to spa resorts for therapeutic purposes is one of the most important and fastest growing sectors of the world economy. The results of studies and research indicate that every year more and more Poles and foreign visitors use the spa resorts on an individual basis and on a commercial basis. Spa resorts in Europe constantly enrich and develop their offer with new services and products to reflect changing needs and preferences of customers. This trend should also be followed by Polish spa resorts aside the traditional methods of providing a wide range of spa and wellness services. One of the most important challenges facing the Polish health resort industry is to go beyond the services related only to spa and healing, and to focus on broadening their range of cultural and leisure-related services. Polish spa resorts moreover have a unique opportunity for development of more commercial and specialized services.
EN
The relics of old industry are the rich source of knowledge and making them available to the wide circle of visitors is the manifestation of escuing and protecting the industrial culture heritage. Using these objects for touristic purposes is a big chance of development of urban-industrial areas and frequently becomes the main determinant of the development of the areas the splendour of which has already passed. The study shows many successful examples of modernization and revitalization of antique postindustrail objects within Europe and Poland. Keeping the old form of the objects and introducing their modern usage for touristic purposes enables to preserve the characteristic elements of urban landscape. It enables to preserve the cultural identity in strongly industrialized cities and regions and has a stimulating influence on the functioning of economy both locally and nationally.
XX
Przedstawiono analizę światowej wymiany usług, na podstawie raportu International Trade Statistics 2008 Światowej Organizacji Handlu, z czego wynika jednoznacznie pierwszoplanowa rola UE-27 zarówno w eksporcie, jak i w imporcie. Dane zawierają obroty zarówno "extra", czyli z krajami spoza UE, jak i "intra", czyli koszty wewnętrzne między krajami UE. Dobitnym przejawem dominacji UE-27 na światowym rynku usług handlowych jest fakt, że wśród czterdziestki czołowych eksporterów usług handlowych na świecie aż 18 to kraje Unii (w tym Polska). Pozycja pierwszego importera usług handlowych w świecie jest widoczna we wszystkich trzech rodzajach usług: w usługach transportowych, w usługach podróżniczych i innych (łączności, budowlanych, ubezpieczeniowych, finansowych, komputerowych, informatycznych, honorariach i opłatach licencyjnych, innych usługach biznesowych, personalnych, kulturalnych, rekreacyjnych, rządowych itp.). Przedstawiono szczegółowo wielkość eksportu oraz strukturę rodzajową innych usług biznesowych (prawa, księgowości, zarządzania, public relations, reklamy, badań marketingowych, badanie opinii publicznej, R & D, architektonicznych, inżynieryjnych).
EN
The study, based on the World Trade Organisation's statistics, confirms the position of the European Union (27) as a leader in international service turnover and that of Poland as a net service exporter. Furthermore, main export and import directions of EU commercial services as well as the group position in the world export of modern services (legal, accounting, managing, public relations, advertising, marketing survey, public opinion survey, R&D, architectural, engineering) are discussed in the article.(oryginl abstract)
XX
Sektor usług dominuje w wytwarzaniu bogactwa narodowego oraz w absorpcji siły roboczej w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Przedstawiono stan i tendencje rozwoju w takich dziedzinach usług jak: usługi biznesowe, transportowe, finansowe, turystyczne.
EN
The article presents in a synthetic way importance of the sector of services in the economy of the European Union, through pointing out to its high share in creation of the value added, in absorption of manpower (although it plays a neutral role in resolution of unemployment problems), and in the international exchange. The article also points out to the state and directions of development in the selected spheres of services in the European Union (in business services, in transport, financial services and in tourism). (original abstract)
EN
The paper discusses the results of the field research conducted through in-depth interview among 50 adult inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodship and 50 managers of leisure service providers from the same Voivodship in 2011 and through direct interview among 600 adult Polish residents in 2012. The study was financed by the National Science Centre based on the decision no. N N112 257239 allocating funds for the project "The leisure services market in Poland towards 2025". The paper analyses the reasons for the Internet use by leisure service providers and the frequency of its use by leisure service consumers.
PL
Celem niniejszego badania było określenie związków pomiędzy głównymi czynnikami kształtującymi postrzeganą przez klienta jakość usługowych serwisów WWW i ich wpływu na potencjalną lojalność e-klienta, wyrażoną chęcią powrotu i polecania innym. W tym badaniu doświadczalnym zostało wykonanie nagranie wideo piętnastu użytkowników podczas korzystania z finansowych, turystycznych i zdrowotnych usług on-line. Po wykonaniu zadań przez użytkowników zebrano wypełnione kwestionariusze odnoszące się do dziewięciu głównych czynników oceny. Wysokie korelacje (powyżej 0,7) zostały stwierdzone dla czynników: - klarowności wizualna, łatwość obsługi i prowadzenie użytkownika, - interaktywność, prowadzenie użytkownika i zawartość informacyjna, - interaktywność, personalizacja i demonstracja usługi, - demonstracja usługi oraz prowadzenie użytkownika. Ponadto została oceniona statystyczna istotność różnic w jakości postrzeganej dotyczącej badanych usługowych serwisów WWW.
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