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PL
Nowelizacja ustawy o związkach zawodowych, która weszła w życie 1 stycznia 2019 roku, zmusza doktrynę prawa pracy do ponownej analizy zagadnień zbiorowego prawa pracy, a w szczególności instytucji prawa koalicji. Fundamentalną zmianą zaproponowaną przez ustawodawcę jest rozszerzenie tego prawa na osoby niebędące pracownikami. W artykule poruszam kwestię nieaktualności terminu „prawo pracy” jako zbiorczej kategorii regulacji osób wykonujących pracę. Posługuję się szerszym pojęciem, jakim jest „prawo zatrudnienia”, które stara się łączyć podmioty wykonujące pracę bez względu na stosunek prawny, który jest podstawą ich zatrudnienia. Ponadto poddaję analizie zwrot normatywny „osoba świadczącą pracę za wynagrodzeniem na innej podstawie niż stosunek pracy”. Zakreślenie znaczenia tej grupy jest konieczne z punktu widzenia zakresu stosowania tych regulacji. Konkludując wywód, zaznaczam, że efektem zmian może być to, iż osoby wykonujące pracę na innej podstawie niż umowa o pracę, a posiadające szereg takich samych uprawnień jak osoby pracujące na umowie o pracę, mogą zaprzestać starania się o zawarcie takowej. Przyniesie to negatywny efekt dla całego społeczeństwa, choćby przez brak możliwości egzekwowania funkcji prawa pracy
EN
On 1 January 2019, the amendment to the Trade Unions Act enters into force. It introduces a kind of revolution in the current system of employment law. The law extends the law of the trade union coalition, creating and joining union organizations for non-employees. Article 1 establishes a normative category of persons who perform paid work, including employees and persons providing work for remuneration on a basis other than the employment relationship. Thus, the legislator extends the statutory right of the trade union to persons who are not considered employees. In relation to the above, in the context of analyzing this legal act, it is not justified to use the traditional “labor law” as a too narrow term for the needs of new regulations. The term “employment law” appears in the latest publications of the doctrine as a broader term than the above. Finally, it should be noted that the effect of changes may be that people who work on a different basis than an employment contract and who have a number of the same rights as those working on a contract of employment may stop trying to conclude such a contract. And this will have a negative effect on the whole society, for example due to the lack of the possibility to enforce labor law functions.
EN
After signing of the August – September Agreements in 1980, the Polish authorities obligated to legal sanction of them. Serious changes were required in the current, very laconic Trade Unions Act from 1st July 1949. That act did not enable to found an independent trade union in a communistic state. The crucial aim of this article is to define the essential contribution of The Independent Self-governing Labour Union “Solidarity” in assumptions of the act, a description of course and atmosphere of works over its project and the final result of those efforts. On 23rd September 1980 The Council of Polish People’s Republic founded a special team for preparing a draft legislation of Trade Unions. The delegation of The Independent Self-Governing Labour Union “Solidarity” (in Polish NSZZ “Solidarność”) was invited to work on that draft. From 17th October 1980 to 26th April 1981 the team had eight plenary sessions. As a result of those sessions, a complete draft of the Act should have Republic. During those meetings discussions were held on various issues such as: a registration of trade unions, compliance of activities of trade unions with The Polish People’s Republic Constitution and Convention No 87 of International Labour Organization, the agricultural self-government, self-employed professionals, students’ and farmers’ trade unions. What is more a right to strike, acceptable kinds of strikes, payment for a protest, legitimacy of founding workers’ councils, a conception of collective labour agreement for joint professions and a problem of social agreements in workplaces were being widely discussed. Thanks to the participation of “Solidarność” delegation, the prepared draft had a lot of modern solutions. The Council of Polish People’s Republic did not accept a few of them and introduced changes that limited possibility of founding trade unions and organization of strike for a lot of professions. Trade Unions Act was adopted neither at that time nor before 13th December 1981 when martial law in Poland was imposed. It happened upon 8th October 1982. The new act outlawed The Independent Self-governing Labour Union “Solidarity”. On the other hand, only thanks to foundation of “Solidarity” a provision about right to strike was included in that act that was not in the act from 1949.
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