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PL
Transport kolejowy stanowi istotny element łańcucha dostaw. Celem opracowania jest ukazanie zakresu zmian, jakie dokonują się na rynku przewozów kolejowych w Polsce. Analizie poddano zarówno rynek przewozów towarowych, jak i uwarunkowania występujące w przewozie osób. W latach 2009-2017 miał miejsce systematyczny wzrost wielkości kolejowych przewozów intermodalnych. Pozytywne zmiany dotyczyły tutaj wszystkich parametrów przewozowych. Analiza zmian na rynku kolejowym w Polsce wykazała w 2017 roku także wzrost wielkość przewiezionych ładunków, jak również pracy przewozowej i eksploatacyjnej. Istotną sferą działalności w transporcie kolejowym jest przewóz osób. W Polsce z usług przewoźników kolejowych skorzystało w 2017 r. 303,6 mln pasażerów. W porównaniu z 2014 rokiem jest to wzrost o ponad 34 miliony podróżnych.
PL
Systemy Zarządzania Bezpieczeństwem (SMS) są usystematyzowanym zbiorem zasad, procedur i reguł postępowania przy wykonywaniu działalności przedsiębiorstwa kolejowego, mającym zapewnić wysoki poziom bezpieczeństwa świadczonych usług. Można tu m.in. wyróżnić genezę zagrożeń, diagnozę stanu i systemu bezpieczeństwa, programowanie działań zapobiegawczych, środki poprawy, monitoring podejmowanych działań oraz ocenę ich efektywności. W zakresie szacowania ryzyka wystąpienia działań niepożądanych istnieje wiele metod mających swoje odzwierciedlenie w literaturze przedmiotu. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie faktu, że pomimo wykorzystywania szeregu zbieżnych metod szacowania ryzyka w działalności polskich przewoźników kolejowych, występują istotne różnice w szacowaniu ryzyka mające odzwierciedlenie w dokumentacji związanej z zarządzaniem bezpieczeństwem (SMS).
EN
Ensuring a sense of security is a value not only for transport users, including rail transport, but also for the environment in which the transport operates. Thus, important aspects related to an efficient safety management system are a sense of no threat and a sense of security certainty for both transport customers and its environment. Safety Management Systems (SMS) are a systematic set of rules, procedures and rules of conduct in the performance of a railway undertaking’s activities, designed to ensure a high level of security of services rendered, where we can distinguish the genesis of threats, diagnosis of the state and security system, programming preventive measures, improvement measures, monitoring of actions taken and assessment of their effectiveness. In accordance with European Union standards, Polish rail carriers were required to implement Safety Management Systems (SMS) in their operations. The implementation of railway safety management systems in Poland had a positive effect on the decrease in the number of events (sum of serious accidents, accidents and incidents). This is evident in the statistics included in the annual reports published by the State Commission for the Investigation of Railway Accidents. However, in the last few years there has been a noticeable increase in the number of events in relation to transport performance. The analysis indicates that one of the reasons may be the fact that despite the use of a number of convergent methods for estimating the risk of transport activities in these documents (SMS), there are significant differences in the estimation of risk, which are reflected in the documentation related to safety management (SMS), which means that carriers achieve very different risk results for the same risks under the same conditions. One of the conclusions is the proposal to create a list of permanent threats for nomenclature uniform carriers that should be included in safety management systems, which will also facilitate the assessment of the efficiency of these systems by the authorities responsible for this area in Poland.
XX
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie kluczowych aspektów metodologicznych związanych z gromadzeniem danych statystycznych dotyczących transportu kolejowego w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Omówiono podstawowe regulacje prawne w tym zakresie oraz bezpośrednio z nich wynikające zalecenia metodologiczne.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the key methodological aspects related to the collection of statistical data on rail transport in the EU countries. The main legal basis in this respect has been characterized, especially its basic provisions and definitions. It also discusses methodological recommendations arising directly from these acts and based on the experience of member countries and also developed by Eurostat and the Working Group dealing with Rail Transport Statistics in the past few years. (original abstract)
EN
In this paper the author presents the development of the high speed rail network in Europe, and models of operating high speed lines in terms of accessibility for regional passenger trains and regional community services. This paper is concerned with analysis of the high speed rail network in France, Germany and Spain - European leaders of high speed rail. The experience of these three countries shows that the construction of high speed routes can stimulate the development of regional passenger traffic and increase regional growth.
EN
In the article there has been presented the development of transport taking into consideration the basic means of transport in 1980-2008 (9) in Japan and in China. The general transport labor increase in Japan in 1985-2008 and in China in 1980- 2009 has been presented based on the Bézier curve of the sixth degree. Both in Japan and in China, the line of the curve shows the systematic growth of cargo transport labor in the studied period. Transport in China was growing more dynamically than in Japan, which is undoubtedly connected with more dynamic Chinese economic growth in the period of 1980-2009.
EN
In the article was characterized railway freight transportation market. Author described actions taken by PKP Cargo S.A. as part of reorganization for strengthen their position on domestic freight transportation market and for enter to EU market as well. In the article was exposed changes which occurred during last few years in railway freight transportation and was described their determinate factors. Also was presented strategic aims of PKP Cargo Logistics till year 2015.
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