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EN
The study deals with the issue of emigration from the Habsburg monarchy in connection with the use of railways as a means of transport. Specifically, it focuses on the analysis of large-scale emigration from the Habsburg monarchy and the construction of a railway connection from Vienna to the south of the Danube monarchy – namely to Trieste. Due to the advancement of sea transport, a large number of migrants headed for the USA, especially at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, followed this railway line while traveling to the port. The two historical phenomena are closely related because the dynamic technological and socio-cultural development in the second half of the 19th century provided sufficient space for the ever-increasing migration of the population until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.
EN
This study presents and evaluates Trieste’s relationship to the House of Habsburg, or the Habsburg Monarchy, from its beginnings in the 14th century to the mid-19th century. The authors evaluate the port’s longstanding rivalry with the Republic of Venice, notes the Habsburgs’ initial only marginal interest, and their change in approach from the 17th century. The first peak in Trieste’s development occurred in the 18th century, when the city’s population grew, extensive construction work was undertaken, privileged societies were founded for trading overseas, and there were even attempts made at acquiring colonies. The wars with revolutionary and Napoleonic France had highly negative consequences, with the port occupied three times. The subsequent section provides an overview of developments from 1815 until the mid-19th century. Here an evaluation is made of trade in Trieste, its structure and trading connections. Attention is paid to the beginnings of steam navigation, in particular regarding the establishment of Austrian Lloyd’s second section. In the final section, the study framework is focused on the transformative events following the mid-19th century, with the essential inclusion of the defeats in the wars in 1859 and 1866, the February Patent of 1861 which brought a restoration of constitutional life and a new status for Trieste, the importance of the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 including the involvement of Austrians in designing and funding its construction, with the eruption of the economic crisis in 1873 the final milestone.
EN
This article focuses on the Polish reception of Saba’s novel Ernesto and its Polish translations: Halina Kralowa’s translation of its first two episodes (1987), and Jarosław Mikołajewski’s recent translation of the entire novel (2019). The primary factor taken into consideration is the position of “homosexual literature” in the Polish literary system in the 1980s: it is argued that the publication of Kralowa’s translation can be connected with a more general change in the field of gay-related literature in Poland. This article focuses also on the contemporary Polish reception of the novel and indicates two possible modes of interpretation: the universal one and the gay-related one in which the homosexual content is emphasised. The article raises the problem of the translation of the Triestine dialect, which was neutralised in both Polish translations. The strategy implemented in the translation of dialect in the novel is contrasted with the strategy used in the translation of culturems that tends to be foreignising. In conclusion, it is shown that the recent translation of the entire novel is an important contribution to and completes its Polish reception.
PL
This text discusses the formation of Slovenian local elites in Trieste in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. A significant part of the analysis presented here concerns the habitus of the elite and the attitudes expressed through the significance they attached to being members of the elite. Drawing on the discourses presented in the Slovenian and Croatian press published in Trieste, as well as biographical sources, this article outlines the vision of society held by the political leaders of the local community. It emphasises how the elites gave expression to their habitus in the public sphere through a variety of institutional activities. I argue that the life of the Slovenian politician and social activist Ivan Nabergoj, a figure central to this text, constitutes an ideal-type committed biography. In conclusion, I address the relationship between the elites and the surrounding community, arguing that elites were representatives of the community while also determining the forms of group belonging by their shaping of mechanisms of consolidation. In this article, I also consider the particularities of the political conditions of Slovenians living in the Slavic-Italian borderlands.
EN
Significant ageing processes are affecting many regions across Europe and are changing the social and spatial profile of cities. In Trieste, Italy, a joint initiative by the public Health Agency and the Social Housing Agency has developed a programme targeting conditions that allow people to age at home. The outcomes of the programme stress the need to redesign and reorganise the living environment as a way to oppose to the institutionalisation of older people in specialised nursing homes. Based on intensive field work, this contribution presents and discusses the original and innovative inputs that the case study is offering to the Italian and European debate.
EN
The purpose of the article is to illustrate the complexity of identitary dilemmas experienced by Stefano Marcovich, the autobiographical protagonist of Fulvio Tomizza’s novel La città di Miriam. The research concentrates on analysing the nomadic aspects of Stefano’s personality, using Rosi Braidotti’s concept of nomadic subjects with a particular focus given to some creative strategies of re-location used by those subjects in their continuous flow between identities. Stefano, an Istrian refugee, is married to a Triestine girl named Miriam to whom he is unable to be faithful. The study of a long series of his extramarital affairs shows that his “erotic nomadism” is strictly connected to the identitary crisis of a “rootless being”.
8
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Tekst Triestu

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EN
The article focuses on several aspects of Trieste: its ethnic and cultural hybridity, Central-Europeanism and modernity. The mindset is roughly determined by the so called humanistic geography and the author emphasizes in particular the value of place/ topography, which shape the nature of culture. The analysis of the novels Senilita by Italo Svevo and Altro mare by Claudio Magris, which closes the article, brings out the aporia of modernity. According to literary historians it is Italo Svevo together with Trieste as a model of the twentieth-century urban culture that open modernity in Italian literature.
EN
The complicated, troubled and tragic events of a wealthy family from Vlorë, Albania, which a century ago expanded its business to Italy, in Brindisi and Trieste, and whose grand land tenures and financial properties in Albania were nationalized by Communism after the Second World War. Hence the life-long solitary and hopeless fight of the last heir of the family to reconquer his patrimony that had been nationalized by Communism. Such properties would have been endowed to a planned foundation, which aims at perpetuating the memory of his brother, who was active in the resistance movement during the war and therefore hung by the Germans. His main institutional purpose is to help students from the Vlorë area to attend the University of Trieste. The paper is a travel in time through history, sociology and the consolidation of a state’s fundamentals, by trying to read the past aiming to understand the presence and save the future. The paper highlights the need to consider past models of social solidarity meanwhile renewing the actual one. This as a re-establishment of rule and understanding, a strategy to cope with pressures to renegotiate the social contract, as a universal need, by considering the past’s experiences as a firm base for successful social interaction. All this, inside a story which in the first look seems to be too personal and narrow, meanwhile it highlights the present and the past in a natural organic connection, dedicated to a nation in continuous struggle for its social reconstruction.
PL
W artykule czytelnik odnajdzie poglądy emigracyjnych ekspertów z kręgów rządu RP na obczyźnie oraz publicystów i dziennikarzy prasy polskojęzycznej wydawanej na Wyspach Brytyjskich na temat czterech kluczowych wydarzeń politycznych z dziejów Jugosławii w latach 1945–1948: spór o Triest, wybory parlamentarne w 1945 r., dwa procesy pokazowe gen. Dragoljuba (Dražy) Mihailovicia i abpa Alojzije Stepinaca oraz konflikt jugosłowiańsko-sowiecki o dominację na Bałkanach. The article presents opinions of emigration experts from the circles of the Polish government-in-exile as well as journalists and commentators of the Polish-language press published in Great Britain about four momentous political events in the history of Yugoslavia in 1945–1948: (1) Trieste crisis, parliamentary election in 1945, two show trials of Gen. Dragoljub (Draža) Mihailović and archbishop Aloysius Viktor Stepinac, and the Yugoslav-Soviet conflict over domination in the Balkans.
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