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Poles on Welfare

100%

Warzywoda-Kruszynska W.

Studia Socjologiczne

2004

issue 1(172)

81-102

The article tries to establish the scope of poverty, based on the information regarding the sources of income of individuals and households (entailed in the National Census 2002). Poor people are operationalized in the research as the ones deriving their income from welfare or other types of social transfers (excluding unemployment benefits). The analyses were conducted separately for men and women. Moreover, I have taken into account the territorial dispersion of people living on welfare in various voivodships, including the division into city and village. I wondered whether welfare transfers or social pensions become substitutive or complementary forms of securing the needs of the disadvantaged in these voivodships. The conclusion stemming from the analyses is that the Census 2002 data do not allow for precise measurement of the scope of poverty. There are significant differences between the criteria regarding the establishment of poverty.- like the one applied in the census (income criterion) and in the article (receiving welfare benefits as the main source of income). Thus, the census - providing information about the percentage of population living on social transfers - is in fact broadening our knowledge about the number of people living in the conditions of permanent poverty and for that reason - making the incipience of the forming underclass.

Poverty, health and ethnicity. Experience of empirical researches in North-East Hungary

75%

Fonai M., Fabian G., Filepne-Nagy E., Penzes M.

Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)

2007

vol. 17

issue 3-4

53-81

The results of the empirical studies carried out in North-East Hungary is analyzed and compared with national and international results from literature in this study. During the last decade, the authors examined social and health status of the Gipsy/Roma people living in this region in the framework of several studies; two of them were carried out at county-, others at settlement-level. The results presented are grouped around three problems, which gives a chance for empirical testing of the hypotheses of other researches reflecting on these problems. The characteristics of the samples from Hajduboszormeny made it feasible to analyze the statements on the correlation between underclass situation and ethnicity, because the social indicators of Roma and non-Roma people were similar in most respects. The results proved the statement that poverty can be an ethnical feature, but not only the Roma can be described as underclassed. In our study we deeply analyze correlation of ethnicity and poverty; besides of income poverty, the authors touch upon housing poverty, deprivation in wealth and living conditions, and the problems of social-political poverty, as well. According to their findings, in the last years the general income per capita was 16 000 - 20 000 HUF among Gipsies/Romas living in this region, therefore more than 90% of them can be considered poor based on the relative poverty indicator. The health state was studied through the subjective health picture, utilizing the health-care system, satisfaction with care services and the list of most frequent complaints and diseases. The results showed that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disorders, gastric and duodenal ulcers, respiratory diseases, asthma and neurotic and psychiatric diseases are higher than among non-Roma people. In this study, the authors aspired to give structural and cultural explanation for the phenomenons under scrutiny, and also present possible correlations, although - because of the research methods specified above the study was focused more on the success of structural effects.

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1 Studia Socjologiczne

1 Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)

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1 2004

1 Fabian G.

1 Filepne-Nagy E.

1 Fonai M.

1 Penzes M.

1 Warzywoda-Kruszynska W.

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Poles on Welfare

Poverty, health and ethnicity. Experience of empirical researches in North-East Hungary