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GRAVES WITH DAGGERS AT THE EARLY BRONZE AGE BURIAL GROUND IN LUDANICE-MYTNA NOVA VES (Hroby s dykami na pohrebisku zo starsej doby bronzovej v Ludaniciach-Mytnej Novej Vsi)

100%

Batora J.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2009

vol. 57

issue 2

221-260

Archaeological research of a burial ground at Mytna Nova Ves, the local quarter of Ludanice, in south-western Slovakia was realized within the years 1982, 1984-1989 and 2003. The excavated 600 graves have enriched remarkably the collection of finds dated to the Nitra and Unetice cultures in Slovakia mainly concerning the group of metal artefacts, in which copper or bronze daggers that are the topic of this article are dominating. On the excavated burial ground 14 daggers were found there in 13 graves. As the cultural chronology is concerned, 8 daggers belong to the Nitra culture and 6 to the Unetice culture, which were divided into three basic types (A-C) according to shapes of but and blade and their chronology (A - the oldest type, C - the youngest type). Special attention was paid to their position in graves. As the daggers occurred in male burials exclusively, age categories of the deceased men were observed. The difference in dagger positioning within the male graves of the Nitra culture and the Unetice culture was evident. Coming out from the assumption that daggers in the graves were placed in the way the deceased had wore them in life, daggers situated on a belt on the right side predominated in the Nitra culture and pointed up on the back in the Unetice culture. This different way of dagger wearing can indicate costume variances of the cultures under study and dissimilarities in infighting methods as well. Situating of graves with daggers within the burial ground area showed their noticeable concentration in its western or south-western section. More graves with daggers had free space around that make us think about possible existence of smaller mounds. Members of higher social post, hunters and fighters are presupposed to be buried in the burials with daggers.

METALLURGY AND EARLY BRONZE AGE FORTIFIED SETTLEMENTS IN SLOVAKIA

84%

Batora J.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2009

vol. 57

issue 2

195-219

The study presents proofs of metallurgical production at fortified settlements of the Early Bronze Age cultures on the territory of Slovakia in the northern part of the Carpathian basin in the chronological succession they appeared. Since the beginning of the 1950s close attention has been paid to the research of fortified settlements in Slovakia. Owing to this Slovakia and Slovak archaeology made an important step in raising awareness of the European scientific public. Relevant precondition for metallurgy development were deposits of non-ferrous metals (copper, gold and tin), which are situated first of all in regions of central and eastern Slovakia. From the point of view of metallurgical development in fortified settlements, the area where the western Unetice culture meets the eastern Hatvan culture, appears to be of extraordinary importance. In the final period of the Early Bronze Age the number of fortified settlements in the northern part of the Carpathian Basin increased and the development of metallurgical production culminated. While metallurgy in the period of the Hatvani culture was concentrated at areas of fortified settlements prevailingly, in the following period, that of the Madarovce culture, we can find proofs of metallurgical activities also out of fortified areas, at open space (Nitra, Bahon). This makes the region of the Madarovce culture close to that of the Veterov culture. Even more distinctively than in the Madarovce culture in south-western Slovakia, metallurgy of non-ferrous metals is documented in the Otomani culture in eastern Slovakia. This observation does not point out the fact that metallurgical production in the Madarovce culture was on noticeably lower level than in the Otomani culture. More probably it refers to different extinction of majority of fortified settlements in the Madarovce and in the Otomani cultures. While small number of hoards and almost total absence of bronze and golden artefacts in settlements of the Madarovce culture may refer to their gradual extinction, occurrence of numerous hoards of these artefacts in the Otomani culture, frequently hidden under a hut/dwelling floor, indicate their abrupt, probably catastrophic end.

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2 Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2 2009

2 Batora J.

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GRAVES WITH DAGGERS AT THE EARLY BRONZE AGE BURIAL GROUND IN LUDANICE-MYTNA NOVA VES (Hroby s dykami na pohrebisku zo starsej doby bronzovej v Ludaniciach-Mytnej Novej Vsi)

METALLURGY AND EARLY BRONZE AGE FORTIFIED SETTLEMENTS IN SLOVAKIA