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Onomastica
|
2021
|
vol. 65
|
issue 1
23-37
EN
Paul Woodman has called it the “great toponymic divide”, but the endonym/exonym distinction is not a concept confined solely to toponymy, it can be transferred to all name categories, where the name used by insiders may differ from the name used by outsiders, e.g., to ethnonyms, anthro ponyms, names of institutions, where we frequently meet, for instance nicknames and derogative designa- tions used by outsiders. But there is no doubt that this divide has its focus on toponymy, since it corresponds there to two basic human attitudes: (1) to the distinction between ‛mine’ and ‛yours’, ‛ours’ and ‛theirs’, and (2) to territoriality, the desire to own a place, which appears at all levels of the construction of human community  - from the level of the family up to that of nations. Thus, it has always a political, social, and juridical meaning and is frequently a reason for dispute and conflict. However, even after long and intensive discussions, e.g., in the UNGEGN Working Group of Exonyms, to date we can still see rather divergent approaches to this divide. There is the linguistic approach regarding the endonym and the exonym rather as poles of a continuum, with various intermediary stages. Alternatively, there is the cultural-geographical approach that accepts no other criteria than the spatial relation between the name-using community and the geographical feature denoted by the name. The article elaborates on these items, mainly on the basis of the discussions and publications of the UNGEGN Working Group on Exonyms since 2002.
EN
The aim of the paper is to discuss the theoretical endonymic or exonymic status of names of transboundary geographical features. The history and the most important definitions of the concepts of endonym and exonym are presented briefly. These are the definitions approved and used by the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. In the second part of the paper the newly proposed “academic” definitions and theoretical approaches to the endonym – exonym divide are discussed. The third part of the paper is devoted to the status of the names of transboundary features that results from different theoretical views on the nature of endonyms and exonyms. The last part provides arguments for the “holistic” approach, i.e. for the position that the endonymic status is valid for a name within its whole range, notwithstanding any borders dividing the geographical feature.
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