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EN
The article analyzes the scientific sources on the research problem, clarifies the leading trends and shortcomings in the methodology of teaching spelling. It is recognized that the education of a literate person with a high language and speech culture – a multi-level problem and not so much school but also national. The scientifically substantiated and experimentally tested method of teaching Ukrainian spelling in Ukrainian language classes is represented, exercises and tasks for them are developed, which promote the formation of spelling skills and abilities of students. Based on the analysis of scientific achievements of researchers, the author proposes her own approach to solving the problem of forming students' spelling skills. The concept of "spelling" has been clarified, the understanding of which as a result of step-by-step mental actions contributes to the development of students' logical thinking and raising the level of their spelling literacy. Exercises of different nature are presented, their implementation will provide strong knowledge, develop practical skills. The ways of formation of spelling skills are determined. On the basis of theoretical and empirical research it is proved that work on spellings creates a basis of strong and deep knowledge if it is logically constructed and conducted systematically. Based on pedago-gical observations, it was found that the teaching method, based on the close relationship of spelling analysis with the ability to perform word analysis by structure, as well as word-formation analysis, is effective. It is argued that the formation of spelling competence of students is impossible without the appropriate level of speech culture, spelling literacy, thorough knowledge of language theory. The expediency of introduction of the system of exercises and tasks developed taking into account interlevel communications and intensive spelling workshop is substantiated. Methodical advice, selected exercises, covered in the study, can be useful for teachers of philology, students-interns of philological profile in preparation for Ukrainian language classes.
EN
The subject of this article is an analysis of Ukrainian names of computer parts (Motherboard, Processor, Video card, etc.). The author presents the material gathered in ten groups. Particular lexemes have been examined in terms of word groups and their ability to become bases for derived words.
PL
The article presents research results of the Ukrainian studies terminology material collected in the period between 2000–2015. The author reviews abstracts of the Ukrainian terminology dissertations. The subject of the review are termsystems description tendencies, criteria of their formation assessment, their lingual and spoken peculiarities, as well as scientifi c fi elds processing degree and language improvement criteria. The goal is to analyze the above-mentioned abstracts, to evaluate diff erent aspects of termsystem descriptions as well as to fi nd out the degree of the processed scientifi c fi elds outlining a prospect for further research. Each scientifi c fi eld has its own establishment history, peculiarities of termsystem construction in themes and structure as well as advantages of one or another scientifi c language construction concepts and models. The material is provided by scientifi c vectors: science and technology terminology, economic, medical terminology, etc. Scientifi c areas that attract Ukrainian researchers and perspectives of the term analysis are indicated. Since 2000 until today, there have been defended more than 100 dissertations which describe nearly 50 scientific vectors.
PL
The article attempts to summarise the process of codifying the Ukrainian language in the first half of the 19th century. It covers the most important reference grammars of that time, presenting them in the context of the sociopolitical situation of a Ukraine divided between the Austrian and Russian Empires. The article describes the work of linguists and researchers who emphasized the autonomy of the language spoken in the Ukraine in contrary to the common trend which treated this ethnolect as a dialect of Polish or Russian. The presented reference grammars are a rich source of information about the Ukrainian language itself (including its regional varieties), as well as other forms of communication used at the beginning of the 19th century, such as iazychie. These works were a milestone towards the forming of the modern Ukrainian language and nation.
EN
Larysa Masenko, “Surzhyk: Mizh Movoju i Jazykom”. Vydavnychyĭ Dim “Kiievo-Mohylians'ka Akademiia”, Kyiv 2019, Ss. 232The reviewed monography is the first vast paper on the phenomenon of the Ukrainian–Russian linguistic contacts. The second edition is extended to include new scientific publications and completed with the respondents answers. The study as a whole depicts the etymology of the name of the phenomenon (Surzhyk), tries to place the phenomenon in the theory of linguistic contacts and gives examples of the use in the respondents answers, literature and the Internet. Larysa Masenko, “Surzhyk: Mizh movoju i jazykom”. Vydavnychyĭ dim “Kiievo-Mohylians'ka Akademiia”, Kyiv 2019, ss. 232Recenzowana monografia jest pierwszą obszerną pracą nad zjawiskiem kontaktów językowych ukraińsko-rosyjskich. Druga edycja jest bardziej rozbudowana o nowe prace naukowe i zilustrowana odpowiedziami respondentów.
EN
Ukrainian, Polish and Russian trilingualism among Ukrainians of non-Polish origin living in PolandThis article examines the socio-linguistic situation of Ukrainian migrants who live in Poland but who do not have Polish origins. After presenting the issue and describing the group in question, the article then describes the locations where the languages are used, the personae of the interlocutors, and their emotional attitudes towards each of the languages. Trójjęzyczność ukraińsko-rosyjsko-polska Ukraińców niepolskiego pochodzenia mieszkających w PolsceW niniejszym artykule została przedstawiona sytuacja socjolingwistyczna migrantów z Ukrainy, którzy nie mają polskiego pochodzenia. Po zarysie problematyki i opisie przedstawionej grupy zostały przedstawione miejsca posługiwania się językami, osoby interlokutorów oraz stosunek emocjonalny do każdego ze znanych respondentom języków.
EN
The problems concerning teaching a culture of Polish language are analysed in the article, along with description of the ambiguity of the term ‘culture of language’ itself. Taking Polish Philology Faculty in Lviv as an example, the author of the article discusses the stages of cultural and linguistic education of Ukrainian students and presents the specific character of a didactic discipline called culture of a language at the Ukrainian university (the content, tasks, methods of working during the classes). She presents the results of research on norma-tive awareness of the Polish Philology students in Lviv at different stages of learning Polish language.
EN
The article features an analysis of Ukrainian commercial slogans, carried out on the basis of theory and the classification of speech acts by J. Searle, as well as the typology of advertising microacts by K. Skowronek. Such an analysis enables one to track the characteristics of advertising discourse and to define a commercial message as an indirect speech act. This essay also tries todescribe the catchphrases used in advertising from the perspective of Grice’s conversational maxims, which led to the formulation of the following thesis: in order to achieve their aims, the authors of advertising texts are ready to violate any of the aforementioned rules.
EN
The article presents some fragments of the studies concerning archaic components, included in biblical lexis, still existing in contemporary Ukrainian and Russian languages. These two languages have coexisted and developed in close contact with Church Slavonic language for eges. This resulted in the creation of the whole biblical heritage. However, in the historic process of transforming biblical lexical items into the everyday language of both nations, their relationship with the source has considerably faded away. Church Slavonic language has provided contemporary biblical lexical items with archaic phonetic, morphological and lexical features and due to this they maintained solemn, ceremonious character which is typical of biblical style.
EN
Abstract is dedicated to the historical and culturological analysis of the contemporary names of streets and squares of Lviv, occurred from well-known Poles’ surnames. Are examined 1189 names, from which 72% arose via transformation of anthroponym. Are found 19 names, basis of which became Polish surnames. Analysis showed that the majority of names departs by its roots to Austro- Hungarian Empire or Soviet period, only 4 of them were appropriated already in the independent Ukraine. The persons who are immortalized, first of all, are representatives of the different branches of culture, science and skill. Most of them represented literature - in 9 names. Among the onymical motivations were found 3 types: 1) motivation by the direct connection of man with the street or the city (place of stay or bury), here are involved such names, as Банаха, Запольськог, Бой-Желенського, Коноптцьког, Фредра 2) the creation of the immortalized personality is valuable for the Ukrainian culture or contains elements, connected with the Ukraine (Кльоновича, Кольберга, Ожешко, Словацького), 3) the reputation of immortalized face has the world nature (Коперника, Мщкевича, Шопена). The first type possesses real motivation, when second and third type names are only memorial names, especially productive in contemporary urbanonymy. Analysis was made on the basis of the dictionary-handbooks by B. Melnyk and S. Gromov.
EN
Ukrainian authors’ terminology in the iSybislaw system (verb)The problem of authors’ terminology is well­-known to all iSybislaw developers. It inevitably forces them to find a compromise between their desire to represent the content of a document as fully as possible and the need to protect the system from being cluttered with non-­standard terminology.Recent publications in the journal Ukrainska mova (Ukrainian language) suggest that researchers are interested in a wide range of problems, in particular categorical-­functional descriptions of the verb. The article by S. Sokolova and O. Achylova discusses the problem of verb translation. The authors use the terms aspektualnist’ (aspectuality), rody diieslivnoi dii (lexical aspects, or Aktionsarten) and vydova neitralizatsiia (aspect neutralization). Modern Ukrainian dictionaries of linguistic terminology contain only the first two terms. In the iSybislaw system, the following keywords are used for this document: aspektualnist’ (aspectuality), diieslovo (verb) and fazovist’ (phasicity). The term vydova neitralizatsiia (aspect neutralization) is not included. This term is new and refers to a situation when the aspectual meaning of a verb is irrelevant in translation from Ukrainian into non-­Slavic languages. There is no need to include such terms in the iSybislaw system.The fact that the set of keywords used in iSybislaw relies on both the semantic potential of terms used in the indexed texts and terminological standards ensures efficient information retrieval.
EN
New Bulgarian, Polish, and Ukrainian phraseology and language corporaThis article examines phraseological innovations in the Bulgarian, Polish and Ukrainian languages. Particular attention is paid to trends in the development of phraseology and to the sources of the enrichment of the phraseology of the three studied languages. The role of corpus technologies in research on language dynamics is described. Nowa bułgarska, polska i ukraińska frazeologia a korpusy językoweW artykule zostały przeanalizowane innowacje frazeologiczne w językach bułgarskim, polskim i ukraińskim. Szczególną uwagę autorzy zwracają na tendencje rozwojowe frazeologii oraz źródła wzbogacania zasobu frazeologicznego w trzech analizowanych językach. W artykule została przedstawiona rola technologii korpusowych w dziedzinie badania dynamiki rozwoju języka.
EN
The problem of authors’ terminology is well-known to all iSybislaw developers. It inevitably forces them to find a compromise between their desire to represent the content of a document as fully as possible and the need to protect the system from being cluttered with non-standard terminology. Recent publications in the journal Ukrainska mova (Ukrainian language) suggest that researchers are interested in a wide range of problems, in particular categorical-functional descriptions of the verb. The article by S. Sokolova and O. Achylova discusses the problem of verb translation. The authors use the terms aspektualnist’ (aspectuality), rody diieslivnoi dii (lexical aspects, or Aktionsarten) and vydova neitralizatsiia (aspect neutralization). Modern Ukrainian dictionaries of linguistic terminology contain only the first two terms. In the iSybislaw system, the following keywords are used for this document: aspektualnist’ (aspectuality), diieslovo (verb) and fazovist’ (phasicity). The term vydova neitralizatsiia (aspect neutralization) is not included. This term is new and refers to a situation when the aspectual meaning of a verb is irrelevant in translation from Ukrainian into non­Slavic languages. There is no need to include such terms in the iSybislaw system. The fact that the set of keywords used in iSybislaw relies on both the semantic potential of terms used in the indexed texts and terminological standards ensures efficient information retrieval.
EN
Review: Roman Tymoshuk, Wojciech Sosnowski, Maciej Jaskot, Yurii Ganoshenko, Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej, KJV Digital Sp. z o.o., Warszawa 2018, 312 pp.The article is a review of a novel lexicographic work, whose authors collate most frequent phraseologisms of the Polish and Ukrainian languages, based on the material of the spoken language of the young generation of both languages’ native speakers as well as on texts of electronic communication and popular culture. Rec.: Roman Tymoshuk, Wojciech Sosnowski, Maciej Jaskot, Yurii Ganoshenko, Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii polskiej i ukraińskiej, KJV Digital Sp. z o.o., Warszawa 2018, 312 ss.Artykuł stanowi recenzję nowatorskiej pracy leksykograficznej, której autorzy zestawiają ze sobą najczęściej występujące związki frazeologiczne języków polskiego i ukraińskiego, za materiał przyjmując język mówiony młodego pokolenia rodzimych użytkowników obu języków oraz teksty komunikacji elektronicznej i kultury popularnej. 
EN
Emotions in human consciousness take form of emotional concepts, described by means of such features as traditions, customs, special stereotypes of thinking, behavior models, etc. The present article attempts to analyse the linguistic realization of the concept of „fear” in Russian and Ukrainian languages. The language analyze is based on the purposes of the cognitive definition.
EN
The article considers lexical and syntactic word formation based on works of Ukrainian literature. Hermeneutics is closely related to philology, but most often examines the text from the point of view of literary criticism. The linguistic aspect, namely the study of occasionalisms, is much less studied. Attention to Ukrainian culture is growing, and in this context it can be an interesting source of hermeneutic research. This article examines the most interesting examples of occasionalisms, which by their function and non-standard structure are divided into two types – a priori and a posteriori. The difference between coalescences (words formed in a lexical-syntactic way) and similar words and phenomena has also been clarified. Most of these words are related to holophrases, but in Ukrainian literature there are examples that we call a posteriori coalescences, they are formed according to individual authorial models and have almost no analogues in the texts of other writers. We hope that this study will be an important step in the study of Ukrainian language and literature in the world and will draw attention to Ukrainian culture – a culture with millennial traditions.
EN
The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of the speech culture of primary school pupils who are carriers of dialectal speech. The modern linguodidactic representatives' and teachers' views of the problem raised are analyzed in the article. It was substantiated the practical value of the formation of the speech culture of primary school pupils, using at the same time, local dialects that students have mastered since childhood. The work also described the introduction of dialectal material into the educational process by a primary school teacher one of the mountain schools of the Nearcarpathian region. The study results of the formation of schoolchildren's speech culture are submitted in the context of dialect speech of the Ivano-Frankivsk region (Ukraine).
EN
In the article the fact is verified that the list of words selected by formal statistical methods (frequency and functional genre unrestrictedness) is not a conglomerate of non-related words. It creates a system of interrelated items and it can be named the "lexical base of language". This selected list of words covers all the spheres of human activities. To verify this statement the invariant synoptical scheme common for ideographic dictionaries of different languages was determined.
EN
The phrase zbić z pantałyku ‘to perplex, shatter somebody’s confidence’The article concerns the East-­Slavic linguistic influence on Polish in the second half of the nineteenh century as exemplified by the meaning of the phrase zbić z pantałyku. Today’s meaning of the phrase  is associated with another phraseologism zbić z tropu ‘to throw [lit. knock] off trace,’ which originates from the hunting jargon. *Pantałyk as a separate word is not (and never has been) used in general Polish, and the comprehensibility of the whole phrase is the result of the sum of its components.East Slavic counterparts of the phrase are attested from the mid­nineteenth century. In the Polish of the period, zbić z pantałyku had a colloquial status, and its usefulness in the sphere of everyday communication was a manifestation of economy of imaginary rather than conceptual means of expression. Especially in the conditions of widespread bilingualism, the new phrase could easily be recognized against the background of contemporary usage of near­synonymous colloquial phrases derived from the verb zbić ‘to beat’ but also ‘to knock off.’The greater frequency of zbić z pantałyku  in the Polish of south­eastern borderlands resulted from a combination of factors, mainly the blurred boundaries between literary and dialectal (folk) phraseology. Fraz. zbić z pantałyku ‘stropić kogo, pozbawić pewności siebie’Artykuł dotyczy wpływów ruskojęzycznych w polszczyźnie drugiej połowy XIX wieku. Dziś znaczenie frazeologizmu zbić z pantałyku to odpowiednik wybić z szyku, zbić z tropu, ‘zmieszać, stropić’, realnie ‘pomieszać krok’, ‘stracić ślad (na polowaniu)’.*Pantałyk jako wyraz samodzielny nie jest (i nigdy nie był) używany w polszczyźnie ogólnej, natomiast znaczenie całego frazeologizmu wynika z sumy jego składników.Odpowiedniki wschodniosłowiańskie poświadczone są od połowy XIX stulecia. W ówczesnej polszczyźnie zbić z pantałyku miało status potoczny, którego użyteczność w sferze komunikacji codziennej to przejaw ekonomiczności środków obrazowych zamiast pojęciowych.Nowy frazeologizm mógł być łatwo rozpoznawany w warunkach bilingwizmu językowego na tle ówczesnych środków z tradycją użycia w sferze potocznej. O szczególnej częstotliwości użycia zbić z pantałyku w polszczyźnie kresów południowo­wschodnich zdecydował splot czynników, głównie zaś „rozmyte” granice między frazeologią literacką a gwarową (ludową).
EN
Language situation in Ukraine in light of the general census and sociological researchThe article presents the language situation in the independent country of Ukraine. It shows what part of Ukrainian society perceives the Ukrainian language, the Russian language or both of these two languages at the same time as their mother tongue. The paper also shows which of the two languages, Ukrainian or Russian, is more commonly used by Ukrainians in everyday life. Special focus was placed on linguistic diversity of particular regions of Ukraine. The aim of the paper was achieved by analyzing the general census of 2001, as well as the results of the public opinion polls conducted in the period of independence by, among others, the “Public Opinion” Centre for Sociological Research, the Olexander Razumkov Ukrainian Centre for Economic and Political Studies and the Kiev International Institute of Sociology. Sytuacja językowa na Ukrainie w świetle powszechnego spisu ludności oraz badań socjologicznychW artykule została przybliżona sytuacja językowa w niepodległej Ukrainie. Ukazano dla jakiej części społeczeństwa ukraińskiego językiem ojczystym jest język ukraiński, dla jakiej rosyjski oraz jednocześnie ukraiński i rosyjski. Przybliżono także, którym językiem – ukraińskim czy rosyjskim – częściej posługują się w życiu codziennym Ukraińcy. Znaczna uwaga została ponadto zwrócona na zróżnicowanie językowe poszczególnych regionów Ukrainy. Na osiągnięcie postawionego celu pozwoliła analiza wyników spisu powszechnego ludności przeprowadzonego w 2001 r. oraz wyników badań opinii publicznej przeprowadzonych w okresie niepodległości m.in. przez Centrum Badań Socjologicznych „Opinia Społeczna”, Ukraińskie Centrum Badań Ekonomicznych i Politycznych im. Ołeksandra Razumkowa oraz Kijowski Międzynarodowy Instytut Socjologii.
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