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EN
The main goal of the article is to conceptualize a model of a state which would be adequate to the current situation in Ukraine. It seems that Russian aggression and the so called “anti-terrorist operation” allow us to observe a number of regularities which shed some light on what the Postsoviet Ukrainian state indeed is. It appears that a model of the state shaped in Ukraine is significantly inadequate to the patterns developed under the conditions of the West-European political culture. This issue was researched on the basis of two cases. The first was a case of the “forgotten” ammunition stored in Oktiabrsk harbor in Mykolaiv. It could be considered as an example of the inefficiency of the Ukrainian state. The second case concerns the provisioning of the volunteer battalion “Azov”. This one could be regarded as an example of the phenomenon of commercialization of state monopoly on the legitimate use of force. The analysis of these cases may lead to the conclusion that under post-Soviet circumstances an alternative model of the state arises. From the point of view of an “classical” (i.e. Weberian) approach, it could be named as “a state à rebours”.
EN
Polish-German relations in the first half of 2014 were dominated by the Ukraine crisis. This study is an attempt to answer the question of how Polish and German press assessed the cooperation of both countries in resolving the conflict in Ukraine; to what extent the most widely read magazines associated themselves with the decisions of their politicians and the feelings of their own societies and how much understanding they showed for the arguments of their EU partner. The analysis focuses on the unprecedented mission of the Weimar Triangle foreign ministers to Ukraine in February 2014, which led to an agreement between the Ukrainian opposition and President Viktor Yanukovych. A turning point was the visit paid by Radoslaw Sikorski and Frank-Walter Steinmeier to St. Petersburg in June 2014. The next meetings agreed on by EU partners were held without inviting the Polish partner. In view of the speed of events in the selected time interval, the articles subjected to analysis were taken from the most widely read online editions of national daily newspapers in Poland and Germany.
EN
The article presents the role of the Ukrainian state in the process of creating the Orthodox Church of Ukraine and achieving autocephaly in the context of Ukraine’s national security challenges after the Revolution of Dignity. The research was carried out on the basis of scientific sources, materials of state and church provenance, as well as analytical and sociological data. The results of research indicate that the formation of an autocephalous Church at the turn of 2018/2019 was largely possible due to the determination of the post-revolutionary ruling camp and obtaining a political consensus of pro-Western forces. That consensus could be achieved owing to the threats to state security, which was recognized and supported by Ukrainian society. The development of the young Church and the consolidation of autocephaly requires further support from the authorities.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje rolę państwa ukraińskiego w procesie tworzenia Kościoła Prawosławnego Ukrainy i uzyskania przez niego autokefalii w kontekście wyzwań bezpieczeństwa narodowego Ukrainy po Rewolucji Godności. Badania zostały oparte na literaturze naukowej, materiałach proweniencji państwowej i kościelnej, oraz danych analitycznych i socjologicznych. Ich wyniki wskazują, że ukonstytuowanie się autokefalicznego Kościoła na przełomie 2018/2019 r. w dużej mierze było możliwe dzięki determinacji porewolucyjnego obozu władzy i uzyskaniu konsensusu politycznego sił prozachodnich ze względu na zagrożenia dla bezpieczeństwa państwa, co znalazło poparcie w społeczeństwie ukraińskim. Rozwój młodego Kościoła i utrwalenie autokefalii wymaga dalszego wsparcia ze strony organów władzy.
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