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Urbanization: Concepts, Trends and Analysis in Three Latin American Cities

100%
Piña W. A.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2014
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vol. 18
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issue 3
EN
Explanatory models on the urban expansion process have focussed mainly on the dynamic of cities in the developed countries that are characterized by a strong institutional framework, a culture of urban planning, and compliance with the rules. This paper analyses the phenomenon of urban expansion in three Latin American cities (Buenos Aires, Santiago de Chile and Mexico City), taking into account cities with a strong process of urbanization and where the local administration does not have enough control over the growth of cities due to the high rate of migration determining sub-urbanization, peri-urbanization, exo-urbanization, and counter-urbanization processes similar to developed countries. However, these processes may be related to hidden or displaced urbanization in rural areas of municipalities and metropolitan areas or intermediate cities due to the dynamics of urban consolidation. In every Latin American country, the participation and combination of these phenomena are different, although the results are similar: the advance of urban expansion with more segmented, disperse and distant patterns of large urban centres. This analysis determine the characteristics of the urbanization process taking into account physical and geographic aspects, urbanization trends and socioeconomic features in cities selected of Latin America and determines their impact determining the importance to formulate adequate policies that integrates environmental and socioeconomic aspects to achieve sustainable development in urban contexts.
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Colonialism, Migration, and the Emergence of Urban Spaces in Colonial Nigeria

100%
Adesote S. A., Osiyale B. O.
West Bohemian Historical Review
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2023
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vol. 13
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issue 1
61-82
EN
Arguably, urbanisation, which entails spatial, social, and temporal phenomena, is social process that describes the manner in which cities grow and societies become more complex. From this point of view, urbanisation is not a new phenomenon in Nigeria in particular, and Africa in general. The process of urbanisation in Nigeria began in the pre-colonial period and continued during colonial and post-colonial periods. However, the factors or conditions that facilitated urbanisation in each historical epoch of urbanisation in Nigeria have changed over time. This paper, therefore, interrogates the effect of colonialism on the emergence of urban spaces in Nigeria between 1900 and 1960. It argues that migration, which constituted one of the main drivers of the emergence of urban spaces in Nigeria during this period, was promoted by the introduction of the British colonial policy of administration. Of the three main trends of internal migration during colonial Nigeria, our focus in this paper is the third trend, which involves a drift from the rural areas and the lesser towns to the new urban centres of commerce and administration that developed in response to the establishment of formal colonial rule in the country. This trend of internal migration was witnessed in different parts of Nigeria such as Lagos, Ibadan, Ogbomoso, Osogbo, Benin City (all in Western Nigeria); Onitsha, Enugu, Calabar, Port Harcourt (all in Eastern Nigeria); Kano, Jos, Makurdi, Zaria, Sokoto and Kaduna (all in Northern Nigeria) between 1900 and 1960. It concludes that the physical spaces in these cities have had a fundamental significance for the host communities, migrants and for host/migrant relations. The methodological approach adopted in this paper is historical, thematic, and analytical, utilising materials from both primary and secondary sources.
3
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The Fall and Rise of the City of Most: On the Dynamics of Socialist Modernity

86%
Spurný M.
Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers
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2014
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vol. 19
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issue 1
39-60
EN
During the 1960s and 1970s, the historical town of Most, Northern Bohemia, was wiped off the face of the Earth in order to extract brown coal which was located under its streets and houses. Further away, a rationally planned town of the very same name was built. This article is searching for roots and circumstances of the decisions that determined the post-war history of Most. Its central goal is an analysis of an intellectual and social context in which it was possible to justify such a gigantic experiment, putting the context of modernist technocratic thought and architectural utopias into the centre of the interpretation. From this point of view, specific circumstances of the communist dictatorship played a significant role in the development analysed here, a broader context of modernist utopian and technocratic thought was, however, of even greater importance. The case of Most demonstrates that technocratic thought, based on the conviction that one can break the world down into small pieces and then reassemble it as a jigsaw puzzle somewhere else at another time, proved to be extraordinarily flexible and viable, as it managed to integrate a variety of often opposing ideas and solutions.
4
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Urbanisation of agricultural areas: cities and black earth soils

86%
Popkova L., Popkova A.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2017
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vol. 334
131-140
EN
The article is devoted to the impact of the black earth soils on the formation of urban settlement. The features of development and settlement of the Central Black Earth Region are examined. The main colonization flows and their impact on the modern structure of the population are stated, the migration attractiveness of the region is described. The territories with fertile black earth soils are analyzed in terms of their involvement in economic circulation processes. Cities are characterized as the central points of the settlement. Particular attention is paid to the role of regional centers. The influence of the most significant factors on the contemporary urban settlement structure is evaluated: the construction of railways, iron ore mining and production of ferrous metals. The role of soils in urban development and the processes of urbanization are analyzed.
PL
Artykuł poświęcono wpływowi gleb czarnoziemnych na tworzenie osad miejskich. Dokonano w nim analizy cech zagospodarowania i osadnictwa w Centralnym Okręgu Czarnoziemów, opisano główne napływy osadnicze i ich wpływ na współczesną strukturę zaludnienia oraz przedstawiono atrakcyjność migracyjną regionu. Ponadto przeprowadzono analizę obszarów żyznych czarnoziemów w kategoriach ich udziału w procesach obrotu gospodarczego. Miasta zostały scharakteryzowane jako centralne ośrodki osadnictwa. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na rolę centrów regionalnych. Oceniono także wpływ najważniejszych czynników na współczesną strukturę osad miejskich: budowy dróg kolejowych, kopalni rud żelaza i produkcji metali żelaznych oraz przeanalizowano rolę gleby w zagospodarowaniu miejskim i procesach urbanizacyjnych.
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The pattern of an urban revolution. The case of the Kingdom of Poland at the time of the 1905 Revolution

72%
Śmiechowski K.
Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.
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2021
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vol. 13
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issue 2
9-32
EN
The 1905 Revolution was the great socio-political phenomenon which can be interpreted in many different ways. One of the most important aspects of the 1905 Revolution is its urban character. Especially in Russian Poland, the Western frontier of the Empire, the Revolution was the crucial point in the development of modern public spheres. It was also the time when relations between different social actors were reshaped in the new way. By using sources like press and memoirs the author examines the 1905 Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland as the urban revolution. Then, he analyzes how the feeling of agency between the members of the Polish urban intelligentsia that emerged during that time and made urban issues much more important in the public discourse. Finally, the author lists the political threats and system limitations that people who wanted to reform cities had to face.
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From smart cities to smart regions as a solution to improve the sustainability of urban communities

72%
Mazza P. I., Mavri M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2019
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vol. 389
60-80
EN
In recent years, cities are facing the rapid urbanization phenomenon, the urban population growth and the immigration. This has resulted in a lot of problems such as difficulty in waste management, urban congestion, excessive energy use, shortage of supplies, traffic congestion and air pollution. All above force government to use ICT technology and introduce the concept of ‘smart city’ to promote the sustainable development of a city. As regions face similar problems, the goal of this study is to examine whether or not the concept of ‘smart city’ could be expanded and used to region and we present the case study of a Greek Smart/Digital Region.
PL
W ostatnich latach miasta stają w obliczu takich zjawisk, jak szybko postępująca urbanizacja, wzrost liczby mieszkańców miast i imigracja. Powoduje to wiele problemów, takich jak: trudności w gospodarowaniu odpadami, zatłoczenie miast, nadmierne zużycie energii, niedobory w zaopatrzeniu, kongestia i zanieczyszczenie powietrza, zmuszając rząd do korzystania z technologii ICT i wprowadzenia koncepcji „inteligentnego miasta” w celu promowania zrównoważonego rozwoju miasta. W związku z tym, że regiony borykają się z podobnymi problemami, celem tego badania było sprawdzenie, czy pojęcie „smart city” może zostać rozszerzone i wykorzystane w regionie. Przedstawiono również studium przypadku greckiego Inteligentnego/Cyfrowego Regionu, opisujące korzyści wynikające z zastosowania proponowanych ram.
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Migrace jako aktuální zdroj společenskopolitického konfliktu: Inspirativní a kritická úloha sociálního učení církve – svědecká role církve a jednotlivých křesťanů

58%
Šrajer J.
Studia theologica
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2018
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vol. 2
151-167
EN
The article reflects on the phenomenon of migration as the basis of the current social­‑political conflict. Its aim is (above all) to point out the inspirational and critical importance of the social teaching of the Church on this current issue. It focuses on the two key moments contained in this teaching, which also appear to be pivotal within the socio-political discourse in relation to migration. It is a question of the relevance of the cosmopolitan principle, respectively the question of political decision­‑making on a transnational level. The article also provides a partial view of the role and the importance of the Church and individual Christians as the witnesses to the issue, i.e. the confrontation of the migration phenomenon in the context of growing urbanization.
8
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The socioeconomic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the years 1948–1991 and its impact to the population movements of the three constitutional nations

51%
Žížala O.
Dvacáté století - The Twentieth Century
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2013
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vol. 5
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issue 1
49-65
EN
The study examines the effects of turbulent modernization of Bosnia and Herzegovina after World War II, which modified fundamentally the almost exclusively agrarian and strongly conservative rural society. The paper analyses how and to what extent socioeconomic changes affected not only the spatial distribution of population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also basic demographic components (natural movements and spatial mobility). Such changes resulted in geographical polarization of the population process during the socialist period, i.e. in significant differences between rural and urban areas. Different demographic behaviour and different mobility of Muslims, Serbs and Croats radically changed their numerical representation in the country. The growth in the numbers of Muslims and decrease in the numbers of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the time of political and economic collapse of Yugoslavia was one of the key factors, which inevitably contributed to the escalation of ethnic tensions and subsequent civil war.
CS
Studie zkoumá dopady bouřlivého modernizačního vývoje Bosny a Hercegoviny po druhé světové válce, který zcela zásadně modifikoval původně téměř výhradně agrární a silně konzervativní venkovskou společnost. Příspěvek analyzuje, jakým způsobem a v jakém rozsahu socioekonomické změny ovlivnily nejen prostorové rozmístění obyvatel Bosny a Hercegoviny, ale i základní demografické komponenty (přirozený a územní pohyb obyvatelstva). V jejich důsledku se populační vývoj země začal v socialistickém období výrazně geograficky polarizovat v dichotomii město versus venkov. Odlišné demografické chování a rozdílná mobilita jednotlivých konstitutivních národů Muslimů, Srbů a Chorvatů současně v zemi markantně proměnily jejich početní zastoupení. Početní růst Muslimů a úbytek Srbů v Bosně a Hercegovině na pozadí politického a hospodářského kolapsu jugoslávské federace přitom představoval jeden z klíčových faktorů, jenž nevyhnutelně přispěl k výsledné eskalaci etnického napětí a následnému rozpoutání občanské války.
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