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PL
Celem pracy jest przedstawienie wpływu zmian urbanizacyjnych poprzez pokazanie zróżnicowania wielolet - nich zmian temperatury powietrza na trzech stacjach meteorologicznych położonych na terenie Warszawy: Ursynów, Okęcie oraz Bielany. W odróżnieniu od stacji Ursynów, której otoczenie zmieniało się w ostatnich 50 latach w sposób istotny, wokół stacji na Okęciu i na Bielanach tak znaczących zmian nie odnotowano. Dane źródłowe wykorzystane w pracy obejmują średnie dobowe wartości temperatury powietrza, wartości temperatury minimalnej i maksymalnej. Analizowano trendy temperatury średniej rocznej, średniej miesięcznej oraz temperatury średniej maksymalnej i minimalnej rocznej i miesięcznej w całym wieloleciu 1961–2010. Stwierdzono istotny trend warunków termicznych na stacji Ursynów w przypadku temperatury średniej i minimalnej miesięcznej.
EN
The aim of this work is to present the influence of changes in urbanization by showing the variability of changes in long-term air temperature at three meteorological stations located in Warsaw: Ursynów, Okęcie and Bielany. Unlike the station Ursynów, where the surrounding area has changed significantly in the last 50 years, at the vicinity of the stations Okęcie and Bielany did not undergo such extensive transformations. Meteorological data used in the paper includes the values of average daily air temperature as well as the values of the daily maximum and minimum temperature. Trends in the annual average temperature, the average monthly temperature and the average maximum and minimum annual and monthly temperature for the period 1961–2010 were analyzed. A significant trend of thermal conditions at the Ursynów station for the average temperature and for the minimum monthly temperature has been observed.
EN
J.U. Niemcewicz spent his life travelling around the world not excluding Poland. He saw numerous gardens and described many of them in his diaries, letters and travel journals. Niemcewicz was also familiar with English treatises on designing and planting gardens and he held Delille’s narrative poems in high esteem. Polish gardens are always for Niemcewicz lonely islands emerging from the panorama of ruined, poor and devastated Polish provinces. They are an alien but attractive phenomenon. The creation of gardens is interpreted by Niemcewicz as a way of escaping: the reality of extreme poverty (Helena Radziwiłłowa’s Arkadia), the torment of wasted life (Szczęsny Potocki’s Sofiówka), the history (the Bystry family’s Iwańczyce) and the never-ending patriotic duties (Ludwik Kropiński’s Woroczyn). They are also an attempt at realizing a dream, an attempt doomed to fail (Niemcewicz’s Ursynów).
EN
It is well known that green areas are a significant component of urban environment. Plants influence urban conditions in many ways; they have a positive effect on both people’s health and environmental issues, there are many reasons why the proportion of green areas in cities should be increased. It is important to take advantage of plant properties and suitable methods of shaping green areas to benefit nature. The article emphasizes the importance of comprehensive environmental protection. It presents selected methods of shaping green areas and nursing plants, which are in common use in Western Europe and USA, but are under-used in Poland, the main aim of the article is to propose solutions which allow to shape green areas in the Ursynów district of Warsaw in favor of environmental protection e.g. in a way that makes it possible to preserve biodiversity or reduce drink water use.
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