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1

Type D personality in Poland: Validity and application of the Polish DS14

100%
Oginska-Bulik N., Juczynski Z.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2009
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vol. 40
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issue 3
130-136
EN
Type D personality (increased negative emotions paired with emotional non-expression) is an emerging risk indicator in cardiovascular disease (CVD), associated with poor patient-centered outcomes, mortality and morbidity. Little is known about the cross-cultural utility of the construct, as it has primarily been used in the Western European setting. We applied the Type D Scale to a large sample of healthy and CVD patients to validate the DS14 in Poland. DS14 was used in the sample comprised 1154 persons, healthy and CVD. The internal consistency of the Polish version of the DS14 was good with Cronbach's alpha of 0.86 for negative affectivity (NA) and 0.84 for social inhibition (SI). The 2-factor structure of the DS14 was confirmed both with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Both of the DS14 subscales were internally consistent and stable over time. Using the standardized cut-off (no less than)10 for both NA and SI to identify those with a Type D personality, the prevalence was 72.1% in CVD patients and 34.8% in healthy. The Type D personality construct, as assessed with the DS14, seems to be applicable to the Polish setting, as the Polish DS14 was shown to be a psychometrically sound instrument.
2

QUANTIFICATIONAL ACCOUNTS OF LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE III. THE MODEL-THEORETIC ACCOUNT: QUANTIFICATIONAL ACCOUNT TRIUMPHANT?

100%
Koreň L.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2014
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vol. 21
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issue 4
492 – 515
EN
This concluding study devoted to quantificational accounts of consequence and related logical properties deals with the model-theoretic account (MTA). In response to objections questioning its intuitive adequacy, it is argued that MTA does not aim to analyse “the” alleged intuitive notion of consequence, but aims to formally reconstruct one specific semantic account, according to which valid arguments preserve truth in virtue of their logic-semantic structure and irrespectively of particular semantic values of the non-logical vocabulary. So conceived, MTA is arguably superior to any other quantificational account, being based on a principled account of the semantic structure and the specific contribution of logical elements to it.
3

PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF A GLOBAL MEASURE OF JOB BURNOUT

100%
Lourel M., Gueguen N., Mouda F.
Studia Psychologica
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2008
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vol. 50
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issue 1
109-118
EN
This original research presents a French adaptation and validation of the 'Burnout Measure Short version' (BMS) (Malach-Pines, 2005). To do this, we assessed the psychometric properties of scores obtained by the French version. A confirmatory factor analysis led to a one factor solution: 'the degree of exhaustion' (n = 206). This factor analysis is based on Pines and Aronson's framework (1988). This unidimensional scale was (positively) correlated with other burnout measures (subscale 'emotional exhaustion', MBI) and with perceived stress. The future implications and methodological limitations were discussed.
4

NEED FOR STRUCTURE FROM A THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

100%
Sollar T.
Studia Psychologica
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2008
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vol. 50
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issue 3
277-289
EN
The paper presents an investigation of the dimensionality of the need for structure construct in two scales - PNS (Thompson et al., 2001) and NFCS (Bar-Tal, 1994) on three Slovak samples (N = 1093). In Study 1 we tested four models by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Results indicate that need for structure is a multi-dimensional construct. In Study 2 the convergent and discriminant aspects of validity were examined. Results indicate good convergent and discriminant aspects of validity of these two scales and also support the two-factor structure of the need for structure construct. The integrative potential of examining the need for structure construct in relation to social perception, personality and motivation is discussed.
5

THE PHONE BOOTH PUZZLE

100%
Jespersen B.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2006
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vol. 13
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issue 4
411-439
EN
In 1997 paper Jennifer Saul adduces various examples of the simple sentences in which the substitution of one co-referential singular term for another appears to be invalid. The author addresses the question of whether anti-substitution is 'logically' justified by examining the validity and soundness of a substitution of the co-referential singular terms in three simple-sentence arguments each exhibiting a different logical structure. The result is twofold. First, all three arguments are valid, provided 'Leibniz's Law' is valid with respect to the simple sentences (something Saul herself does not doubt). Thus, as far as these arguments are concerned, there is no logical problem with a substitution in the simple sentences. Second, two of the arguments cannot be 'sound', because their respective sets of the premises are inconsistent. Thus, it would be logically irrational to commit oneself to all the premises of the respective arguments. To the extent that the origin of Saul's puzzles is in logic (rather than pragmatics, say), the author suggests , tentatively, that substitution may appear to be invalid because the issues of validity and soundness have not been kept separate. The author then considers in depth Saul's first sentence, 'Clark Kent enters a phone booth and Superman exits'. Obviously, two-way substitution is trivially valid, if the expressions are co-referential semantically (and not just grammatically) the proper names, the conclusion being but a rephrasing of the premise. However, the author argues that a non-trivial semantic analysis of this sentence should take account of the diachronicity of Clark Kent's entrance and Superman's exit while preserving the internal link between being Superman and being Clark Kent. The author proposes the following. 'Superman' and 'Clark Kent' refer to two distinct individual concepts. 'Superman is Clark Kent' then no longer expresses the self-identity of an individual bearing two names, but that two named concepts are held together by the requisite relation: wherever and whenever someone falls under the concept of Superman the same individual also falls under the Clark Kent concept, whereas there are exceptions to the converse. This semantic analysis always validates the substitution of 'Clark Kent' for 'Superman', but validates the substitution of 'Superman' for 'Clark Kent' only if the additional condition is met that somebody should fall under the Superman concept when Clark Kent enters. The analysis is accompanied by a device of extensionalisation from the individual concepts to the individuals and two rules of a predication.
6

THE IMPORTANCE OF TRUTH IN THE THOUGHT OF BRUNO BAUCH

100%
Kubalica T.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2008
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vol. 36
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issue 3
63-81
EN
The article elucidates and assesses the account of truth of Bruno A. K. Bauch, a member of the late Baden School of neo-Kantianism. The account is based on Bauch's philosophy of validity. To begin with, we discuss some basic conceptual distinctions introduced by Bauch. Then, we put forward the constitutive and regulative notions of Truth, understood as the fundamentum veritatis. Finally, we attempt to contrast Bauch's account with Bertrand Russel's correspondence theory of truth. Our discussion allows us to conclude that Bauch's account is a valuable attempt at explaining the necessary connection between truth and validity. Moreover, it is a serious alternative to deflationary (inflationary) theories of truth, which deprive truth of theoretical significance.
7

QUANTIFICATIONAL ACCOUNTS OF LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE 1: FROM ARISTOTLE TO BOLZANO

88%
Koreň L.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2014
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vol. 21
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issue 1
22 – 44
EN
So-called quantificational accounts explicate logical consequence or validity as truth-preservation in all cases, cases being construed as admissible substitution variants or as admissible interpretations with respect to non-logical terms. In the present study, which is the first from three successive studies devoted to quantification accounts, the author focus on the beginning of systematic theorizing of consequence in Aristotle‘s work, which contains the rudiments of both modal and formal accounts of consequence. He argues, inter alia, that there is no evidence for the claim that Aristotle propounded a quantificational account and that for a full-fledged quantificational approach in a modern style we need to turn to Bolzano’s substitution approach, whose motivation, structure and problems are explained in the second part of this study.
8

VALIDITY OF THE MONTREAL BATTERY OF EVALUATION OF AMUSIA: AN ANALYSIS USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING

88%
Toledo-Fernández A., García-Gómez L., Villalobos-Gallegos L., Salvador-Cruz J.
Studia Psychologica
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2018
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vol. 60
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issue 1
42 – 56
EN
The Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA) is the gold standard for diagnosing amusia. We aimed to evaluate its factorial and convergent validity. Data were collected for the MBEA and a self-report Amusic Dysfunction Inventory on a non-random sample (n = 249), and the following Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) procedures were conducted: confirmatory factor analysis of the theoretical model; exploratory SEM for alternative non-restricted factor solutions; and structural models with each of these solutions as predictors of the inventory’s items. The theoretical model did not prove acceptable goodness of fit, and two- and three factor non-restricted models were better-fitted solutions for Scale, Contour and Interval tests, and Meter and Memory tests, respectively, than the theoretical one-factor model. This may reflect distinct perceptual processes related to neurocognitive demand. The non-restricted models of Scale, Meter and Memory showed to be acceptable predictors of self-reported capacity for melodic perception, vocal production, rhythmic coordination, and memory.
9

Flexible questionnarie. Field-near application of survey data collection

88%
Letenyei L., Nagy G. D.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2007
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vol. 17
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issue 1-2
29-46
EN
This writing revives a methodological dispute laid aside in the forties, when it puzd the standard character of surveys under scrutiny.The authors believe that the standard requirement originating in the modernist approach to survey researches, according to which questions have to be asked verbatim every time, needs to be reconsidered due to three aspects: it is unethical, unimplementable, and produces invalid results. Thus the second half of the writing suggests researchers to use an old but hitherto not widely used survey practice what we call 'flexible survey.'
10

MEASURING SOCIAL SOLIDARITY IN UKRAINIAN SOCIETY. THEORY APPROBATION USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (Metodyka vymiriuvannia sotsialnoi solidarnosti. Perevirka teorii za dopomohy metodu modelei liniinykh strukturnykh rivnian)

88%
Ursulenko K.
Sotsiolohiia: teoriia, metody, marketyng (Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing)
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2009
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issue 3
126-157
EN
Recent studies on social solidarity have been concentrated either on the theoretical exploration of the phenomenon or on the investigation of solidarity aspects in empirical studies of little social groups. The paper presents a theory of social solidarity and a measurement instrument to study the phenomenon on the general level of Ukrainian society. The authoress provides the description of methodic issues as well as analysis strategy and interpretation framework. Based on the data provided by Institute of Sociology in Kiev, three different indices are computed to describe normative and structural aspects of social solidarity. Using structural equation modeling the relationships between concepts of the theory are specified and explained.
11

DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF A REVISED MEASURE OF MEANING IN LIFE: THE LOGO-TEST-R

88%
Konkoly T. B., Martos T., Bachner Y. G., Kushnir T.
Studia Psychologica
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2010
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vol. 52
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issue 2
133-145
EN
Meaning in life is a core construct in quality of life research and has received substantial attention in the past decades. As a consequence, several instruments were developed to assess this construct. The first meaning in life scale designed and standardized in Europe was the Logo-Test (Lukas, 1971). Although this test has been widely used across Europe, the psychometric properties of the instrument proved to be poor in several investigations. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to develop a revised version, based on international data, and to evaluate its psychometric characteristics. The internal consistency and factor structure of the 14-item revised version (Logo-Test-R) were examined in a sample of 852 Hungarians. The internal reliability of the test was adequate (a = .75). The validity of the Logo-Test-R was evaluated in a sub-sample of 391 individuals by examining its relationship with financial state, scores in two other measures of meaning in life and further instruments assessing other quality of life indicators such as general life satisfaction, depressive symptomatology, and life goal orientation. The direction and strength of the observed connections was in accordance with expectations, thus demonstrating good construct validity of the Logo-Test-R.
12

PARTICIPAČNÝ PRÍSTUP V SPOLOČENSKÝCH VEDÁCH

88%
Kusá Z.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2007
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vol. 62
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issue 9
790-800
EN
Participatory approach (PAR) is a social sciences methodology, a form of research praxis as well as the world view for many researchers. This paper describes the position of PAR in social research. The paper starts with an attempt to define PAR and to outline briefly its history as well as the ways of its legitimization as a research practice. Further it describes its organizational and methodological aspects and discusses the research ethics. It is shown that though PAR is sometimes presented as possible way of how to settle the ethical problems, the promised equality in research relations might be delusive. In conclusion, the paper deals with the possibility of participatory research to produce valid knowledge. It suggests that participatory action research paradoxically seems to have a greater capacity to put social research closer to the ideal conditions of experimental laboratory praxis than the mainstream representative surveys do.
13

VALIDITY OF THE COGNITIVE ABILITY TESTS – COMPARISON OF THE COMPUTERIZED ADAPTIVE TESTING WITH PAPER AND PENCIL AND COMPUTER-BASED FORMS OF ADMINISTRATIONS

75%
Žitný P., Halama P., Jelínek M., Květoň P.
Studia Psychologica
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2012
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vol. 54
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issue 3
181 – 194
EN
The study analyses and compares the validity of computerized adaptive testing, paper and pencil and computer-based forms of cognitive abilities tests. The research was conducted on a sample of 803 secondary school students (567 paper and pencil, 236 computer-based/computerized adaptive administration; 363 males, 440 females), their mean age was 16.8 years (SD = 1.33). The test set consisted of the Test of Intellect Potential and the Vienna Matrices Test. Overall results showed that the validity of CAT was reasonably comparable across administration modes. Consistent with previous research, CAT selecting only a small number of items gave results which, in terms of validity, were only marginally different from the results of traditional administration. CAT simulated administration of the TIP was roughly 55% and VMT 54% more economical than the traditional version. These results indicate that CAT is a useful way of improving methodology of psychological testing.
14

TURKISH VERSION OF THE REVISED AND SHORT INDEBTEDNESS SCALE (ISR-S): TRANSLATION, VALIDITY, MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE AND RELIABILITY STUDIES FOR TURKISH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

75%
Oğuz-Duran N.
Studia Psychologica
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2020
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vol. 62
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issue 3
198 – 212
EN
The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to translate the Revised and Short version of the Indebtedness Scale (ISR-S) into the Turkish language and to assess its psychometric properties, and 2) to use this scale to explore the relationship of indebtedness with gratitude, happiness, and life satisfaction in Turkish culture. Four data sets covering a total of 883 Turkish university students were used. Construct validity of the Turkish ISR-S was assessed by using confirmatory factor and multi group invariance analyses, and Pearson correlation test between the measure of negative affect and the ISR-S. To examine the reliability of the scale, Cronbach’s coefficient alpha was used as an indicator of internal consistency, and also test-retest reliability computed over a period of four weeks. The results indicated that there is psychometric evidence for the unidimensional 9-item structure of the ISR-S in Turkish undergraduate students. Indebtedness was not found to be significantly correlated with gratitude, happiness and life satisfaction.
15

RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE LIFESPAN SIBLING RELATIONSHIP SCALE IN A TURKISH EMERGING ADULT SAMPLE

75%
Cilalı B., Erdur-Baker Ö., Bugay A.
Studia Psychologica
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2019
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vol. 61
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issue 1
17 – 30
EN
The present study examines the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Lifespan Sibling Relationship Scale (LSRS; Riggio, 2000). A total of 578 (336 female, 242 male) Turkish emerging adults participated in this study. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test construct validity for the original six-factor model of the scale with 48 items. Results of the CFA indicated a good model fit. Furthermore, the second-order CFA result showed that the scale can be scored for both the sub-dimensions and the test as a whole. Multi-group CFA result revealed that the measured construct is invariant across the genders. The results suggested that the Turkish version of the LSRS had adequate internal consistency and construct validity, indicating that it can be reliably used to measure attitudes toward sibling relationship in emerging adulthood among a Turkish population.
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Úvod do problematiky výzkumu citlivých témat ve výběrových šetřeních

75%
Chylíková J.
Data a výzkum - SDA Info (Data and Research - SDA Info)
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2011
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vol. 5
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issue 2
185-203
EN
The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the problems associated with the fielding of questions of a socially sensitive nature typically dealing with crime, health, and sexual activity in nationally representative sample surveys. This article presents an overview of previous research on this topic and associated themes such as the definition of sensitive survey questions, the emergence and impact of social desirability effects and application of the Cognitive Aspects of Survey Methodology (CASM) to mechanisms of question response on sensitive topics. Thereafter, this article maps out specific sources of error that are likely to occur when fielding sensitive survey questions; and highlights methods that may used to minimise measurement error, thereby enhancing data validity. The article concludes with an appraisal of some of the most influential criterion-validity used in this sub-field of survey research.
17

DEDUCTIVISM IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL LOGIC

63%
Jacquette D.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
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2009
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issue 16(29)
189-216
EN
Deductivism is explained and defended. The thesis holds that logic generally, both formal and informal, is primarily concerned with the normative distinction between good and bad reasoning, and interprets good reasoning as minimally deductively valid inference. If deductivism is true, then it follows that all fallacies of reasoning, including the so-called informal or rhetorical fallacies, are deductively invalid. Deductivism as an ideology nevertheless cuts across the distinction between formal and informal logic. To defend deductivism against potential counterexamples, it is necessary to show that common fallacies are reconstructible as deductively invalid inferences. The present essay undertakes the groundwork of such a defense by arguing that even inductive argumentation, including inductive fallacies, along with circular reasoning, can be interpreted deductively. A large selection of other informal fallacies are also reconstructed as explicit deductive invalidities following a pattern that can be used to bring other fallacies under the deductivist umbrella.
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