Objectives: To investigate the association between polymorphisms in the p53 pathway genes and chromosomal damage in vinyl chloride (VC)-exposed workers. Materials and Methods: Cytokinesis block micronucleus test was performed in 310 VC-exposed workers and 149 non-exposed workers to determine chromosomal damage. The polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism technique were used to detect six SNPs in the p53 pathway genes involved in the cell cycle. Results: There was a highly significant dose-response relationship between VC exposure and chromosomal damage. Individuals carrying the variant genotypes were at higher risk for chromosomal damage compared with their wild type genotype: p53rs1042522, MDM2 Del1518rs3730485, MDM2rs2279744 and GADD45Ars532446. On the other hand, individuals possessing the variant genotype of CDKN2A rs3088440 had significantly decreased risk compared with the corresponding wild-type. Conclusions: Genetic polymorphisms in P53 pathway genes may have an impact on VC-induced chromosomal damage.
Financial systems in post-communist countries have been developing for almost three decades since market transformation. In 2004 and later in 2007, ten Central and Eastern European states became members of European Union, and in the majority of them capital markets were created. There have been numerous studies which have examined the development of capital markets, however investigations concerning the development of stock exchanges are not so frequent. The aim of the paper is to analyze the underpricing of VC backed Initial Public Offerings carried out on the exchanges in Warsaw, Prague, Vienna, Bratislava and Lubljana in 2000-2012
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.