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1

THEORIES OF FEMALE CRIME AND DELINQUENCY

100%
Biel K.
Rocznik Komisji Nauk Pedagogicznych
|
2005
|
issue LVIII
125-141
EN
Scienitific explanations of women's crime have often been dependent on dominant etiological systems of men's crime. The observed increased growth and the sort of crime committed by young girls and women, as well as the occurrence of young-female gangs, cause scholars to search for a reliable theory which would indicate why women are inclined to commit crime. The paper analyses the theories about women's crime that are predominant in world's literature. The author first concentrates on the early bio-psychological theories, which where the first in trying to explain the criminal behavior of women. Then the 'gender roles' and 'emancipation' theories are discussed, which help to show the historical outline. Currently, the 'power-control' theory - by John Hagan and his team, which tries to adapt the 'control' theory, plays a big role in explaining women's crime. Worthy of attention is the application of Robert Agnew's 'strain' theory to the issue. Also feminist criminology had a contribution in trying to explain the crime problem. It concentrated on the different evolvements of criminal behavior arising from the differences in gender. By focusing on the environment in which girls and women live in, particularly their victimization, it is expected that the causes of crime will be better understood. In Poland the problem of women's crime is underrepresented. The author expresses his hope, that this study will arouse interest in the matter and will also be of help in improving the 'prevention/re-socializing' methods for potential or current women offenders.
2

AGGRESSION AT SCHOOL: BELIEF IN A PERSONAL JUST WORLD AND WELL-BEING OF VICTIMS AND AGGRESSORS

100%
Dzuka J., Dalbert C.
Studia Psychologica
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2007
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vol. 49
|
issue 4
313-320
EN
This paper presents a research study where just world research was applied to the analysis of aggression at school. Based on the previous findings that characterize the belief in a just world (BJW) as a valuable resource for maintaining positive well-being and assimilating injustice, the present studies test the hypotheses that: 1) personal BJW is positively correlated with subjective well-being; 2) this relationship holds for victims and aggressors alike. Overall, findings were in line with our hypotheses. The stronger the adolescents' endorsements of the BJW, the better their well-being. The pattern of results persists when controlled for neuroticism and extraversion. The implications of these results for further studies on aggression, victimization, and well-being are discussed.
3

NEPOHODLNÉ VZPOMÍNKY A OZVUKY TICHA. PROBLEMATICKÉ IMPLIKACE REEMIGRACE ČECHŮ Z JUGOSLÁVIE A ODSUNU NĚMCŮ Z ČESKOSLOVENSKA

86%
Pavlásek M.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2022
|
vol. 70
|
issue 1
69 - 91
EN
This study deals with dissonant memory processes through the example of post-war displacements of population – 1) voluntary (re)emigration of Czechs from Yugoslavia, who replaced the original German population in the Czechoslovak borderlands, and immanently also 2) of those forcibly displaced “silenced Others”. The text observes the practice of silencing inconvenient memories and shows, through the example of the participants in the post-war (re)emigration to Czechoslovakia, how this complex memory legacy is approached. Taking Czech families displaced from Yugoslavia as an example, the research on the generational transmission of family memory offers replies through the identification of narrative strategies which they used and which lead to their cumulative victimization. This practice demonstrates historical implications – power dynamics reflecting the complex stage of the post-war social, cultural and political development in Czechoslovakia. I believe that considering historical implications allows us to problematize the established unproductive binary oppositions and analytical categories (perpetrators vs. victims; voluntary vs. forced migration), and last but not least, it suggests possible ways of bringing the silenced memory of those forcibly displaced – the “silenced Others” to mind.
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