The author has attempted to collect and systematize the opinions of various historians on the issue of Polish-Ukrainian relations in Volhynia in the context of the national politics of the Russian government between 1795 and 1862. Presenting different phases of the tsars’ politics towards the Poles and Ruthenians until the outbreak of the January Uprising, he has shown the evolution of opinions of Russian, Polish and Ukrainian historians on that issue over the centuries from the nineteenth century until modern times.
This article is devoted to the issue of dating materials from Trypillian culture discovered in Myrogoszcz site 15 in 2017. An interesting object at the site was the ditch, which was explored. Among others, there were fragments of pottery from the Trypillian culture and a fragment of animal bone that was used to established radiocarbon dating (date 4450±35 BP) uncovered there. In the vicinity of the ditch, a cluster of human bones was found.
This article is devoted to the Ukrainian movement and forming Polish administration in Volhynia in the years 1919-1921. At that time provisional administration of the Second Polish Republic operated there, starting the process of integration of that area with the Polish state. The Straż Kresowa (Eastern Borderland Guards) was set up in Volhynia with the task of establishing contact with local people. The Ukrainian movement in Volhynia at that time was not uniform. Some locals wanted to collaborate with the new authority if granted the right to freely develop nationally, culturally and religiously. Another social group was hostile towards Polish government. The latter was influenced by Bolshevik propaganda or supported independent Ukraine. Eventually the policy of the administration and the radical stand of part of society led to progressive Polish-Ukrainian confrontation.
On Polish-Ukrainian neighbourhood. In reaction to Wojtek Smarzowski's movie 'Volhynia'The article attempts at answering the question whether the movie “Volhynia” (pl. Wołyń) translates into the Polish-Ukrainian relationship and, if yes, how? Does Smarzowski’s work play bigger role in the construction of the relation between the nations or rather in the construction of one nation’s certain identity project? In the search of the data necessary to provide an answer, I have conducted a content analysis of the discourse created after the movie premiere as well as a questionnaire study among the students of the social sciences. The conclusions arising from the performed analyses are ambiguous-on the one hand, historical events determine the view of the neighbours; on the other hand, Volhynia understood as a memorial appears not be included in the modern Ukrainianness. Hence, it seems that the most accurate ascertainment is that while in certain social circles the movie “Volhynia” became a factor activating particularly intensive observation of the neighbour (or mutual observation), in others it did not evoke any change in the attitude towards the Ukraine and Ukrainians. O sąsiedztwie polsko-ukraińskim. W reakcji na film „Wołyń” Wojtka SmarzowskiegoCelem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy, i ewentualnie jak, film „Wołyń” przekłada się na relacje polsko-ukraińskie? Czy dzieło Smarzowskiego większą rolę odgrywa w budowaniu relacji miedzy narodami, czy raczej w budowaniu pewnego projektu tożsamościowego jednego narodu. W poszukiwaniu danych niezbędnych do udzielenia odpowiedzi przeprowadzono analizę zawartości dyskursu wytworzonego po wejściu filmu na ekrany oraz przeprowadziłam badanie ankietowe wśród studentów nauk społecznych. Wnioski jakie płyną w prowadzonych analiz są niejednoznaczne – z jednej strony zaszłości historyczne determinują postrzeganie sąsiadów, z drugiej strony Wołyń rozumiany jako miejsce pamięci wydaje się być bytem nie wchodzącym we współczesną ukraińskość. Tym samym najtrafniejsza okazuje się konstatacja, że film „Wołyń” stał się czynnikiem aktywizującym postrzeganie sąsiada (a nawet wzajemne sąsiadów) w niektórych kręgach społecznych szczególnie intensywnie, by w innych nie wywołać w postawach wobec Ukraińców i Ukrainy żadnej zmiany.
In 1896, the first private village local history museum in Ukraine and Eastern was opened in the town of Horodok. Its founder and owner was the Ukrainian socio-political and cultural figure, diplomat, philanthropist Baron Theodor von Steinheil. A few years after its opening, the museum became an important center for studying of the traditional culture of the Ukrainian historical and cultural region – Volyn. This was achieved by inviting leading scientists of various fields to work in the museum, as well as by using the latest approaches in the work of the museum (for example, the use of a phonograph to collect exhibition material). Among such innovations, for the first time in Ukraine, was the holding in 1899 and 1900 of two complex ethnographic expeditions with the aim of a large-scale, multifaceted study of Volyn: its history, archeology, ethnography, folklore, flora, fauna, geology, etc. The study presents the list of the participants of the expeditions led by Theodor von Steinheil, traces the routes taken by the researchers, considers methodological groundwork in conducting complex field researches, analyzes the achievements and shortcomings of such expeditions taking into account the conclusions of Theodor von Steinheil himself, observes the further history of complex ethnographic expeditions in Ukraine.
The authorial supplements to the book Teatr i widowiska na Wołyniu do 1863 roku z przydaniem Ziemi Kijowskiej (Warsaw, 2016) that are being published here contain: a new source document regarding the history of theatre at Krzemieniec; an itinerary of Wojciech Bogusławski’s travel through Volhynia in 1819; two unique theatre posters from the repository of historical archives in Kiev; theatrical contexts of the activities of young “dissidents” of the 1830s and 1840s known as bałaguli or baragoły; an account of a fire in the circus at Berdyczów in 1883, illustrated with a woodcut after a drawing by a renowned Polish painter, Michał Elwiro Andriolli.
The opinion refers to the conceptual range of the terms “Volhynia” and “Lesser Eastern Poland” in relation to the Act of 26 January 2018 amending the act on the Institute of National Remembrance — Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes Against the Polish Nation, the act on war graves and cemeteries, the act on museums and the act on the liability of collective entities for acts prohibited under a penalty. The author analyses the terms from the legal-historical perspective, paying particular attention to the history of the Polish lands in the nineteenth century and the period of the Second Republic of Poland (1918–1939). Based thereon, the author is of the opinion that the terms have had and still have an established meaning, despite the lack of a legal defi nition. They refer to the territories of the four voivodeships of the Second Republic: Lwow (Lviv), Stanisławow, Tarnopol and Wołyń (Volhynia) voivodeships. The author’s refl ections are based among others on the established views of the Polish science of administrative law from before the Second World War, the legislation of the Polish State, the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court in the years 1926–1938, as well as the jurisprudence of the voivodeship administrative courts in Opole (2005) and Poznan (2007).
This paper presents an analysis of the burial of the Bandkeramik culture discovered in Baїv in 1939. It provides a new reconstruction and accurate description of the vessel, which was a part of the grave goods. Detailed analysis of the ornamentation
This article presents the general problem of the postmemorial character of parts of contemporary historiography. An illustration of this issue is the preliminary analysis of descriptions of Polish‑Ukrainian relations during World War II. The analysis is based on tropes derived from genocide studies. Several research hypotheses were formulated on this basis. They require further verification. This is, among others, the question of introducing the concept of ‘social postmemory’ and showing its relation to historical policy. Promising seems to the perception of the connection between post‑memory, discursiveness, and eristic. The issue of intergenerational dialogue on the past and memory has also emerged in the background of deliberations. In the article, an ethno‑historical variant of practicing history has also been criticized in an indirect way.
On the Bandkeramik (LBK) settlement of Rovancì in Volhynia two round valves of Spondylus gaederopus were discovered during a rescue excavation carried out in 2009. In the upper part of each of the artefacts two artificial holes with traces of suspension (grooves) can be observed. The two medallions were unearthed in the left longpit of an LBK longhouse. The find might be interpreted as depot or cenotaph. It substantially increases the extent of the Early Neolithic Spondylus long-distance exchange network. Furthermore, items made of Spondylus were apparently one of the commodities demonstrating status in Bandkeramik societies.
This work is an analysis of historical motives – with special consideration for the problematic nature of the Volhynian Massacres – in the discourse regarding Ukrainians and Ukrainian immigrants in Polish social media. It was realized using CAQDAS tools on the basis of the materials collected in autumn 2016.
Wanda Mamertyna Jasieńska from Tudorów (poviat Równe in Volhynia) died of cancer 22 January 1935 in Warsaw. Three months before her death she bequeathed her landed estate of over 200 hectares in Tudorów to the Salesians of St Jacek Province, whose provincial superior was the Rev. Tomasz Kopa. In return, the Salesians were supposed to organise an educational institution which could run gardening courses for young people. Wanda lived with her mother in Żytomierz. When she was 16 - in 1886, she married Władysław Konstanty Wincenty Jasieński, the landowner from Tudorów, whose land estate she inherited after his death and after paying off the incurred debts. They had no children. After the death of her mother Alina in 1914 in Żytomierz, Wanda did not divide her mother’s inheritance to give one part of it to her sister Wieńczysława Regina, who repeatedly claimed her part of the property. At that time Józef Bronikowski from Równe started visiting Wanda. He became her and her husband’s confidant. In 1926 Wanda endowed his family with a land of about 20 hectares along with a house and outbuildings, and when her husband Władysław died in 1929, Bronikowski took control of Wanda’s landed estate in Tudorów. During Wanda’s incurable disease, Bronikowski isolated her on purpose and he not only managed the property, but also decided about Wanda’s treatment excluding her family or anybody whom she knew. Finally, a few months before she died, he influenced sick Wanda, whose sanity was doubtful, to make a will. According to Wanda’s family, Bronikowski terrorised the sick woman in the last months of her life. He did not let anyone visit her and he controlled her private correspondence for his own purposes. The departed Wanda Jesieńska was buried in her land in Tudorów, where according to her wish, a chapel for Salesian pastoral work was to have been built. The Salesians could take over the land that was given to them by Wanda only after the death of the land agent, Józef Bronikowski, who was to manage it at his own discretion without any intervention from both the family and the Salesians who were inheritors. He was not even obliged to submit any reports and accounts of the property management It is interesting that the departed Wanda did not bequeath anything to her only sister, Wieńczysława. She made a small bequest to her sister’s children, servants in the manor house, charitable purposes and the National Museum in Krakow. A privileged position of Bronikowski and humiliating position of the inheritors who did not have the right to make use of the property bequeathed to them during Bronikowski’s life indicates that the will was made to bring advantages to Bronikowski whose property management made a substantial contribution to his income. When Wanda’s will became legally binding, the family took measures to invalidate it. The case was first examined in Równem, then in the Court Appeal in Lublin and finally in the Supreme Court in Warsaw. The Salesians in the person of provincial superior from Krakow, who were endowed with a doubtful bequest, did not support the family’s endeavours. The Second World War prevented Wanda’s family from pursuing further claims concerning the inheritance. Also, Brokikowski was deprived of the right to the property income when Volhynia became a part of the Soviet Union after the Second World War.
The Polish population of Volhynia and Eastern Galicia was gripped by fear of ethnic cleansing at the hands of Ukrainian nationalists in the years 1943‑1944. This fear varied in form and intensity depending on the perceived aims which ranged from their physical extermination to simple eviction. This article attempts to analyse the fundamental determinants of Polish defensive actions in response to those fears.
Włodzimierz Odojewski is one of the most famous émigré writers who still deals with the topic of emigration, even in his books published long after hisboth symbolic and real return to the homeland. Significant extension and dwelling on the said topic can be observed in the book …i poniosły konie […and the horses bolted]. The aim of this paper is to provide an interpretation of the short stories gathered in the volume (published in 2006) from the perspective of the biographical context, the rest of Odojewski’s writings, as well as his opinions on various aspects of exile. Such interpretation reveals a more existential and internalized dimension of emigration but also its universal meanings. Thus, emigration is considered to be a metaphor of human fate.
In 2002, the counterintelligence reports of the Intelligence Border Protection Corps – formation set up to protect – generally speaking – the eastern Polish border, were declassified. The most important neighbor on this part of Second Polish Republic was the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Therefore, the selection has been conducted so as to choose the most important parts of the report relating to specific border authority in this section is the so-called Polish-Soviet zone. In addition to statistical data, forms and methods of intelligence work, dislocation of KOP Intelligence units was analyzed. The article contains topics on the Polish side, and the most important characteristic of specific elements of the work of the then Soviet intelligence. The subject was realized on a basis of the report relating to the 1936.
Tadeusz Czacki (1765–1813) was born in Volhynia. He was a Polish economist, historian, educator, bibliographer, numismatist, creator and organizer of the Volhynian school. From among the numerous works he published this publication focuses only on the economic themes of his writings. The most important views and postulates advocated by Tadeusz Czacki regarding economy are discussed, including tax and monetary issues and Poland’s international trade with selected partners. An important contribution of the analysed author were also his efforts to develop statistical reporting of Poland. The study presents Tadeusz Czacki as an economist, economic activist, propagator of economic knowledge and a precursor of its teaching in the Volhynian school (the Liceum Krzemienieckie).
The history of the orthodox eparchy of Volodymyr-Brest is little known in the Polish scientific literature. In 1086 the eparchy played an important role in shaping religious identity of the Belarusians and Ukrainians living in the area. A study on the history of the Volodymyr-Brest eparchy (one of the eldest within the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) constitutes a significant factor in perceiving historical and national awareness of today's Belarusians and Ukrainians. Yet, another argument in favour of the subject is a symbiosis of the lot of the eparchy with the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Crown. The Christian mission in the contemporary eparchy of Volodymyr has been conducted since the governorship of Volodymyr was established, i.e. in 992. During that time the eparchy encompassed the lands of Volhynia, Polesia, Podlahia, Brest, and the lands of Czerwień Towns with Halych, Przemyśl, Belz and later Lvov. The area of the orthodox eparchy of Volodymyr-Brest is difficult to specify for borders of orthodox eparchies, established before 1596, have been of hypothetical nature until today. It is worth highlighting that a territorial structure of these eparchies was basically built in the 14th century. However, the borders used to change in the following centuries. These changes can be recognized via an analysis of the borders of particular eparchies. At first, one can assume that the borders used to be congruent with the state and administrative borders inside the country. The terrains of administrative units were identical with the borders of eparchies. Nevertheless, an exact determination of these borders demands an incorporation of particular administrative and property changes which took place in the 16th century. In case of the Volodymyr-Brest eparchy, a decisive factor in determining its territory is research on the changes of state affiliation of given parts of the eparchy. The shaped area of the Volodymyr-Brest eparchy lasted till the end of the 16th century.
The author shows causes which led to the Union of Horodlo and attempts to prove that it provided hope for reaching a compromise in Polish-Lithuanian relations. The promising union was adversely aff ected by actions undertaken by Vytautas (Polish: Witold Kiejstutowicz), Grand Duke of Lithuania, from 1420 in connection with the Wrocław verdict formulated by Sigismund of Luxembourg and the ambitions of the Lithuanians which stemmed from the Vytautas’ “political school”. The climax of Vytautas’ liberation plans, which weakened the Union of Horodlo and jeopardised the Lithuanian patrimony of Jagiełło, fell during the years 1429–1430. After the death of Vytautas, territorial conflicts concerning Volhynia and Podole became another tinderbox in Polish-Lithuanian relations. The author examines briefly the issue of the territorial status of the lands from the 14th century. What is more, the author puts forward a thesis that it was possible to establish mutual relations on the basis of new legal regulations of Horodlo and to avoid territorial conflicts. Only when Vytautas attempted to make Lithuania a kingdom did he start a new stage in Polish-Lithuanian relations, which sooner or later had to lead to the questioning of the incorporation the conditions of Horodlo. After the short rule of Švitrigaila, who was very critical of the Union of Horodlo, Sigismund Kiejstutowicz tried to bring the situation back to normal. Discussing the Polish-Lithuanian relations after 1440, the author notices that the Polish party attempted to work out a compromise over the conflict while the Lithuanians used force to introduce modifications in the legal provisions of the union of Horodlo. Finally, the author concludes that the Union of Horodlo could have become a bridge between the two nations. Nevertheless, both the dynastic attempts of Vytautas and the controversial policy of Casimir Jagiellon at the beginning.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.