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EN
The published article analyses the plundering site in the ancient world warfare. During the expeditions, the grain fields were the main object of interest of the troops in the first place. The plunderers not only used them as their own supply, but we can also see efforts to devastate the hinterland of the enemy side behind their subsequent habitual destruction, which also constituted the usual framework of coercion in an attempt to make them submit or to challenge their army to a direct confrontation. Last but not least, interventions in the water regime of rivers or canals could have had a similar effect, in order to prevent enemy movement by flooding their surroundings.
EN
The paper presents the most important challenges facing European military education at the beginning of the 21st century. Basing on the analysis of specialist pedagogical and military literature and recent trends in modern warfare the following problems, which military education has to cope with, have been examined: changing nature of war and warfare; budget constraints; downsizing of the armed forces; the transformation of military profession; attracting civilian representatives to military education; progressive integration of the European states; introduction of the military ERASMUS.
EN
This article deal with the war 1919-1920 between Soviet Russia and Poland, when the Soviet side endeavoured to gain European countries and created them to Soviet republics. The authors show the subject, which is quite interesting, not well known as well and it is concerned the American pilots, who participated in that war. This study includes many information about Polish Air Force, the biographies of the American pilots and presents the chosen events of that war.
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