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Two Marian Icons from the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw. On the concept of an Old Rite Icon

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Sulikowska-Gaska A.

Ikonotheka

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2005

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issue 18

7-23

EN

Discussing the history and iconography of depictions of the Kazan and Korsun Madonnas, as well as the contexts in which they functioned, the article demonstrates the difficulties in determining whether Russian icons are of the Old Rite or 'Niconian' origin. The authoress proposes a re-examination of methods used to this end by scholars (e.g. the style of icons, inscriptions which identify the figures, the arrangement of fingers in the sign of the cross). She draws attention to the fact that, contrary to a common belief, Old Rite icons during centuries of their existence did actually undergo changes. An analysis of late Russian icons reveals that usually Old Believers' icons from various artistic centres partially acquired features typical for dominant art of the region. This is especially visible on the example of the Kazan depiction, which was very popular among the Old Believers, and which is simultaneously regarded to be a symbol of Russia after the reforms of Peter the Great. Another research problem is the participation of Old Believers in developing a rich collection of appellations denoting Marian icons. These appellations appeared on a larger scale in the 18th, and especially the 19th c., and the process was probably connected with the fact that at that time a large number of new types of Marian iconography came into being. However, the phenomenon could also be connected with the specific features of the Old Rite cult, especially with the fact that icons showing a largest-possible number of saints or Marian depictions were very popular in this community. Old Believers were among the first to introduce 'catalogues of Marian icons' into their writings. This is especially important since it necessitates a re-examination of the Romantic stereotype of Old Believers as a community which was totally closed against all contacts with the outside world and which did not take part in the processes of Occidentalisation of Russian culture, and which at the same time was internally consolidated and used a common, homogenous cultural code. Similarly, it does not appear entirely accurate to treat the 18th- and 19th-c. painting of the official Russian Orthodox Church as one which totally rejected the Orthodox tradition and which was transformed according to the patterns of Western-European art.

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Two Silver Plates from the late Antiquity in the National Museum in Warsaw

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Zelazowski J., Zukowski R.

Archeologia

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2005

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vol. 56

107-131

EN

This is a new publication of two late Roman silver plates, found in 1852 in Toulouse and kept now in the National Museum in Warsaw. They were mentioned in recent studies on Gallic silver vessels, but most scholars consider them to have been lost since World War II. In 1889 the plates became part of the Princes Czartoryski collection of antiquities, acquired in Paris and then moved to the castle at Goluchów, Poland. During World War II they were taken to the National Museum. Renovations of the plates revealed new elements of ornamentation, which shed light on their interpretation. An inscription on the plate with a golden multiplum of Theodosius II, with names of people known from the correspondence of Sidonius Apollinarius, allows us to connect both plates with largitiones among Gallic aristocracy of the 5th c. AD.

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War Fortunes of two Silver Plates from the Goluchów Collection

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Zelazowski J.

Archeologia

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2005

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vol. 56

157-158

EN

Documentation surviving in the Collection of Ancient Art in the National Museum in Warsaw enables reconstruction of the history of part of the Goluchów collection during World War II. At the time the objects, including two silver plates published in this volume of 'Archeologia' (pp. 107-131), were hidden in cellars of the Czartoryski family house in Warsaw, 12 Kredytowa str. The hiding place was found by the Germans in 1941, and all the objects were moved to the National Museum in Warsaw, where they were kept until 1944. In October 1944, after the fall of the Warsaw Uprising, the Goluchów collection was taken away by German troops, but some of the objects, the two plates among them, were found soon after that and brought back to the National Museum. They were introduced into the Museum's register in 1947.

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2 Archeologia

1 Ikonotheka

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2 Zelazowski J.

1 Sulikowska-Gaska A.

1 Zukowski R.

Two Marian Icons from the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw. On the concept of an Old Rite Icon

Two Silver Plates from the late Antiquity in the National Museum in Warsaw

War Fortunes of two Silver Plates from the Goluchów Collection