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EN
The current problems of water supply in Ukraine are analyzed in the paper. The main attention is paid to the problems of providing the population with quality drinking water. The measures which will promote improving of the socio-economic conditions of water supply, are proposed, as well as the possible ways of compensation the economic damage to the population caused by unsafe drinking water supply, are identified.
EN
In 2010 emergency archaeological excavations were done in Kołobrzeg, in connection with the repair works in Armii Krajowej Street between Łopuskiego Street and the Market Square. The excavations revealed relics of five late-mediaeval water supply pipes of different functions (fig. 1). The fragments of pipes marked XIII, XV and XVII were lined up and seem to be remnants of a single water main, which used to go from the Market Square to the north east under the contemporary Armii Krajowej Street. The mains was constructed of trough-shaped pipes, with covers fastened with wooden pegs. The mains was joined by the pipe (item VIII) which supplied water to the plot at 8 Armii Krajowej Street (fig. 3). Dendrochronological dating indicates that this water supply system was built in the 2nd half of the 14th c. The way of installing one of the segments (item XVII; fig. 2) suggests that at its route, opposite the collegiate church, there was a well, which could have been a publicly accessible source of water (see fig. 1). The excavations also revealed elements of a modern water supply system, constructed of hollowed pine trunks. The fragments uncovered (item V, VI and XVI) are most probably remnants of one pipe, installed in Armii Krajowej Street (fig. 5). The pipe was probably part of the municipal water supply system built in 1666 r. The excavations also uncovered fragments of early-modern service lines, supplying water to plots 7 (item X) and 6 (item XII). An interesting find is a remnant of the sewer which collected waste from the nearby plots, installed along the axis of the street (item IX; fig. 3). It was probably connected with another pipe (item XI), which collected sewage from the plot at 6 Armii Krajowej Street. Both the present and the earlier finds indicate that already in the 2nd half of the 14th c. the northern part of Kołobrzeg could have had a well-developed sewage system.
EN
The authors present the results of the first such representative sociological survey that has attempted to explore the assessment of water management on the basis of such a large sample, going into great detail. According to the experiences the population have not even basic knowledge in the field of water management, but it does not mean that they have no tangible interests regarding drinking water, reservoirs, and agricultural plots. No prejudices or malevolence can be experienced in the population towards experts of water management. The significance of water would be revaluated according to the opinion of the population as well.
EN
The paper pays attention to the main human ecosystem function of freshwater that is to ensure its drinking water. It is estimated in the paper the economic damages caused by the consumption of unsafe drinking water in Ukraine. Also it is proposed economic and institutional measures to improve the ecosystem functions of fresh water.
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