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1

TRADITIONAL IMAGES AND VIEWS LINKED TO SPINNING AND WEAVING

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Zajonc J.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2004
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vol. 52
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issue 4
249-403
EN
The article deals with images and views relating to spinning and weaving in Slovakia stemming from the pre-Christian thought. The writer has brought these traditional conceptions together to analyse them from the point of their genesis and frequency of occurrence in this territory, all within the scope provided by primary sources. The examination starts with a sum of primary data preserved in written records or oral tradition linked to the rural environment and the cottage industry of cloth-making. When dealing with Christian modifications of earlier images and views, he also considers ideas associated with Christianity. To explain the origin and development of certain images, material discovered abroad is also employed. Though it is mostly of Slavic origin, sources from other-than-European cultures are also examined. The basic principle for sorting out the mentioned phenomena is technology. The text is divided into chapters on spinning (1), rolling-up the yarn into ball (2), bleaching the yarn (3), arrangements for weaving (4), and weaving (5).
2

LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL IMAGE OF WEAVING CRAFT IN PAROEMIAS AND PHRASEMES (EAST AND WEST SLAVIC CONTEXT)

100%
Tyshchenko O.
Slavica Slovaca
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2020
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vol. 55
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issue 2
238 – 256
EN
The article suggests a semantic reconstruction of the elements of traditional weaving craft (tools, mechanisms, devices and their parts, raw materials etc.) represented in phrasemes, proverbs and sayings in the Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, and, partly, Czech languages in ethnolinguistic dimension. The units of secondary nomination to denote weaving realis are considered from the point of view of their figurative categorization, structural and semantic typology, directions and processes of semantic dynamics, and conceptualization of weaving terminology, which are reflected, first of all, in dialectal phraseology, similes and paroemias in different local traditions. In the article the emphasis is laid on the symbolic function of the objects of material culture, and on the connected with them pragmatic senses, everyday-life and magic folkways, beliefs (calendar paroemias, symbolic function of chrononyms).
3
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O warsztatach tkackich w starożytnym Rzymie słów kilka

100%
Kaczmarek Z.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2012
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issue 5
183-202
PL
The  most important source for the research into weaving products are excavated fabrics. By defining its weave, spin direction of the thread, raw materials used or the employed dyestuff the origin of the fabric may be determined, as well as the loom on which it was weft. Iconography is also greatly useful in the reconstruction of weaving work.  The first loom known inRomewas the vertical warp-weighted loom. This loom, despite offering the possibility of weaving very broad fabrics, quickly went out of use inItaly, probably because weaving on it requires earlier preparation, such as weaving the starting border. Also, we do not know any representation of this type of loom in Roman art.   The vertical two-beam loom resembles the warp-weighted loom, with the exception that the row of weights is replaced with a horizontal beam. It is easier to use, as it does not require preliminary work, so weaving can be begun at once.     We also know representations of this loom in Roman art, which facilitate the reconstruction of its use in antiquity. The most interesting issue is the question of familiarity with the horizontal loom. The written sources do not mention it, nor is there any representation in art that we know of, therefore we must rely on what the fabrics themselves present. However, one may venture a claim that the more complicated the pattern, the greater the likelihood of the horizontal loom having been used.   Furthermore, its knowledge might be attested to by the contents of Diocletian’s edict. One cannot underestimate the evidence for the existence of a horizontal loom, yet it should be assumed that it had not been introduced on a wide scale. Consequently, it appears that the Romans made use primarily of vertical looms, with the prevalence, from the turn of of the two-beam loom.  
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