The article is concerned with the most important threads of criticism of Wittgenstein's Tractatus as it was presented in 'Zagadnienie psychofizyczne' by Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz. The main objection refers to the formal character of Wittgenstein's ontology, which - says Witkiewicz - ignores the basic distinction between the aspects of the dualistic structure of being. The objection is closely connected with the problem of relation between logic and philosophy. At this point Witkiewicz criticized not only Wittgenstein, but also the Lvov-Warsaw school, highly influential in Polish philosophy.
The article presents two competitive concepts of studying philosophy. The first, proposed by Roman Ingarden, is rooted in phenomenology and highlights the division between ontology and metaphysics; the second is a proposal of Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz which combines both of these elements. The analyses are based on the correspondence between these two philosophers.
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