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The article focuses on the dramatic work of the Slovak writer Jana Bodnárová (b. 1950) in the intersections of feminist tendencies and “women’s writing” as conceptualised by Hélène Cixous in her manifesto The Laugh of the Medusa (1976). The paper analyses the plays that J. Bodnárová wrote after 1989. Thematically, these concentrate mainly on violence and cruelty against women in various forms. J. Bodnárová depicts women’s experience in relation to the theme of physicality. She interprets the female body as lived and experienced, capable of constantly reshaping its boundaries and unmasking inner movements. In Bodnárová’s texts, the body is a constructive tool through which the author can approach the misogynistic thinking that encloses women in their bodies. In the context of the phenomenon of “women’s writing,” the theme of empowering women’s “voice” on the basis of artistic creation comes to the fore. Affinities are present with Hélène Cixous’s drama Portrait de Dora (1976, second revised edition 1986) which focuses on the motif of the forms of sexual abuse and trauma women experience that are the results of society’s patriarchal character.
EN
This paper elucidates the main trends in Ukrainian literary discourse since independence and argues that the contribution of women authors is not only quantitatively substantial but also qualitatively significant both in literary criticism and in belles-lettres. Women critics revolutionized literary scholarship by making it subjective and theoretically challenging. Employing feminist, psychoanalytic, and phenomenological approaches, these female scholars introduced novel modes of reading and literary analysis, and reinterpreted classic works and authors of Ukrainian literature. They were also in part responsible for establishing first gender centers in academia. Women writers and poets, on the other hand, introduced gender issues in belles-lettres, focusing on female subjectivity and advancing progressive attitudes and ideas. Women’s writing is by and large pro-Western and reflects challenges and new conditions facing Ukrainian post-Soviet society.
EN
The article describes chosen Yugoslavian and post-Yugoslavian texts 'zenskog pisma' - women's postmodern literature. Early 'écriture feminine' works revealed matters of woman's body and position in the patriarchal world of male culture. Emancipatory attitudinal narrations soon transformed into critical emancipatory discourse rooted in postmodern theories (Gender Studies, Queer Studies, Culural Criticism, Postcolonial Studies, Subaltern Studies) interpreting various aspects of pressure, repression, bodily and ideological violence. The end of Yugoslavia, the civil war, the ethnic cleansings and the rapes on women resulted in the inclusion of the postcolonial perspective into the attitudinal cultural narrations. Owing to this, the analysis of violence encapsulates new issues such as: totalitarism, nationalism, war crimes and victims. The cognitive interpretative horizon not only includes colonisation strategies and enslavement of the mentality by the totalitarian system of sovietisation but also the hegemony of Western Europe for which the Balkans and Central-East Europe have always been the Other. The authors bring back historical memory, reach the 'white spots', call for a new, responsible, independent and ethical entity that would be able to stand up to the expansive and dominant colonial mind.
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