Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 8

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  WORD ORDER
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1

NEGATION OR CONCORD? THE WORD ORDER, INTERPRETATION AND PROSODY OF SE-PRONOUNS

100%
E-Kiss K.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2008
|
vol. 104
|
issue 2
129-143
EN
This paper discusses the behavior of negative pronouns in a generative framework. It intends to account for their possible word order, as well as their interpretation and prosody (stressed vs. unstressed occurrence) in the various positions. The generative theory of language maintains that word order, semantic interpretation and prosody are all dependent on syntactic structure. What we have to determine, then, is the structural position of negative pronouns. - The main claims of this paper are as follows: se-pronouns are quantifiers left- or right-adjoined (Q-raised) to NegP, subjected to negative concord. In the preverbal part of the sentence, their word order automatically follows from their syntactic position (they are left-adjacent to the negative particle). When right-adjoined to NegP, they participate in optional reordering in he phonological component. They carry stress except when occurring within the scope of focus or negation in their surface position; in the latter case, they are destressed. They are universal or existential quantifiers (depending on their specificity feature). The particle sem 'neither' is ambiguous: it may represent the negative particle, or else it can be a 'minimalizing modifier', the counterpart of is 'also' in a negative context. Sem functions as a negative particle if no other negative particle occurs in the portion of the sentence that precedes it.
2

EXPLAINING THE WORD ORDER OF INCLUSIVE AND EXCLUSIVE EXPRESSIONS

80%
E-Kiss K.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
|
2006
|
vol. 102
|
issue 4
442-459
EN
The paper aims to account for the fact that negative adverbials of manner, degree, and frequency (the so-called exclusive expressions) are obligatorily focussed, unlike their positive counterparts (the so-called inclusive phrases). The behaviour of inclusive and exclusive adverbials is understood on the basis of the behaviour of noun phrases containing a numeral modifier. It is shown that an expression like '3 children' can mean '3 or more children' in every sentence position except the focus slot. This well-known semantic property of numeral quantifiers holds for the whole class of scalar modifiers. That is, if n is a scalar element, it can be understood as 'n or more'; hence a sentence involving n remains true also if the value of n is replaced by a higher value (e.g. the sentence 'I have read five books' remains true also if I have actually read ten books). It is argued that in the case of scalar elements in the negative domain of a bidirectional scale, the replacement of the value of n with a higher value may result in a semantic anomaly (thus in the case of 'I have read few books' the value of 'few' cannot be replaced with the value of 'many'). The replacement of the value of a scalar element with a higher value can be prevented by the focussing of the scalar element, given that focussing involves the exclusion of all alternatives but the one named by the focussed phrase. This is why exclusive adverbials, also representing scalar expressions, must be focussed.
3

EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF HUNGARIAN WORD ORDER 1: OPTIMALITY THEORY

80%
Imrenyi A.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2007
|
vol. 131
|
issue 2
195-212
EN
The first part of a two-part series, this study outlines an experimental model of Hungarian word order in the framework of Optimality Theory (OT). While representatives of mainstream generative theory have widely and thoroughly studied Hungarian syntax, little effort has been made to challenge successive models of this influential paradigm. Applying a radical version of syntactic OT proposed by Newson (2000, 2004), the present work abandons phrase structure representations to rely solely on a purely optimality theoretic device, a set of violable alignment constraints that govern linear relations between individual words.
4
Content available remote

Costrutti con ordine marcato nell'Italiano contemporaneo

70%
Cardia N.
Linguistica Pragensia
|
2009
|
vol. 19
|
issue 2
57-74
EN
In the introductory part of our contribution we focused our attention on word order in Italian and we tried to approximate the most specific morphosyntactic attributes of Italian in comparison to other Romance and inflected languages. The unusual flexibility of several syntagmas (for example adjectives), as well as the continuous tendency towards distortion of the basic word order in Italian is manifested by a wide range of marked constructions. These, however, are phenomena that can be recorded even in the earlier literary Works (in particular, the so-called left dislocation and other marked constructions), such as the so-called cleft sentence. We examined these phenomena both from the diachronic and the synchronic perspective in comparison to Slovak and Slavonic languages. In the end, we stress the importance of some breakthrough considerations of the Czech linguist Mathesius, who developed a theory of word order as the most significant factor of the so-called ‘functional sentence perspective’ of inflected languages.
5
Content available remote

A Note on a Potential Textual Feature of Putative Should

70%
Dušková L.
Linguistica Pragensia
|
2009
|
vol. 19
|
issue 2
82-88
EN
The paper deals with the use of putative should which alternates with the indicative in nominal that-clauses functioning as the subject. These clauses mostly occur in extraposition irrespective of their new or given content. The paper raises the question whether this use of should can be considered a device of indicating the function of the that-clause in the information structure of the whole sentence.
6

EXPERIMENTAL MODELS OF HUNGARIAN WORD ORDER 2: DOMAINS AND RELATIONS IN THE HUNGARIAN CLAUSE

70%
Imrenyi A.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
|
2007
|
vol. 131
|
issue 4
430-451
EN
The second part of a two-part series, this paper aims to provide a radical alternative to standard generative models of the Hungarian clause. Key theoretical features of the new model include (1) a connectionist (relational network theoretic) commitment to defining word order in terms of association and activation patterns rather than discrete units and symbol manipulation, and (2) a cognitive functionalist commitment to viewing grammar not as a self-contained system but as something inextricable from the broader picture of cognition and communication. The paper also offers an 'organic' perspective on the clause, with the predicate analysed as a nuclear clause, or proto-statement, in turn embraced, elaborated and operated on by diverse components of clausal organization.
7

POJEM GRAMATICKOSTI A NEGRAMATICKOSTI PRI HODNOTENÍ SLOVOSLEDU (CHYBY V SLOVOSLEDNEJ REALIZÁCII ENKLITÍK V SLOVENČINE AKO CUDZOM JAZYKU)

70%
Ivanová M.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2022
|
vol. 87
|
issue 1
110 – 126
EN
The study deals with the problem of error annotation when assessing written texts of students learning Slovak as a foreign/second language (L2). The concept of word order error is discussed against the framework of error analysis and the notion of grammaticality/acceptability of language structure. The problems of identifying word order errors are manifested by enclitics´ placement in the sentence structures. Slovak belongs to languages that follow the Wackernagel´s Rule and its clitic elements belong to the category of second-position clitics (2P), however, Wackernagel´s Rule is more a tendency than an exceptionless, strict law. Erroneous usage of enclitic components in L2 can be projected against reconstructed learner´s utterance, i.e., explicit statement of target language structure, called target hypothesis. To determine target structure, profound and sometimes even expertise knowledge about investigated language phenomenon in L1 is necessary, including both the knowledge of rule (ideal norm) as well as the distribution patterns of language structure (real norm) which can be stipulated through corpus data. The study examines the disputable cases of enclitics placement against the norms described in the work by J. Mistrík (1966) and verifies them by corpus data.
8

RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE MIGRATION AGE AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR PROTO-GERMANIC WORD ORDER

70%
Kida I.
Linguistica Silesiana
|
2009
|
vol. 30
25-30
EN
The author analysed a corpus of runic inscriptions that belong to the first period. The runic inscriptions that were chosen for analysis are basically full sentences that contain the elements he was interested in, namely, the verb and the object. The main purpose of this analysis was to find some implications as to Proto-Germanic word order. The data obtained during his analysis suggest that the Proto-Germanic word order was VO due to the fact that there is a strong tendency to place nominal objects after the inflected verb in main clauses. However, on the basis of the data concerning the word order in compound NPs, one could rather regard Proto-Germanic as an OV language. However, if one regards the position of the nominal object with respect to the inflected verb as the basic criterion for classifying a given language either as VO or OV, and treats this level as being independent of other linguistic levels, like for example word compounds, one will arrive at the conclusion that it is necessary to classify Proto-Germanic as an VO language.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.