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Instrukcje rodzicielskie Wacława Rzewuskiego dla syna Seweryna oraz córek Teresy i Ludwiki z lat 1754 i 1763/64

100%

Kucharski A.

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

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2017

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issue 36

105-120

EN

Parental instructions of Wacław Rzewuski for his son Seweryn and daughters from the years 1754 and 1763/64 The education of younger generations had long and rich traditions in the old Polish aristocratic Rzewuski family. The domestic and foreign education of sons in particular played a major role in building the power and social position of the family. The main purpose of this article is to present hitherto unknown sources on the history of the education of members of this family. Between 1754 and 1763 (or 1764) four instructions have survived, written by Wacław Rzewuski for his son Seweryn and two daughters: Teresa Karolina and Ludwika Maria Róża. The first instruction for Seweryn Rzewuski comes from the period of his studies in Warsaw (1754), when the young magnate attended the college of Theatines. In this piece of writing, the father gives detailed instructions on the civic education for his son. This instruction contains advice on how to behave properly during social gatherings and religious ceremonies. It also refers to the rules of the moral education of the young boy. The second instruction for Seweryn contains advice on the protection of the family residences in Podhorce and Olesko and was associated with the political situation in which Waclaw Rzewuski and his sons lived in the years from 1763-1764. However, the two instructions for his daughters are a real rarity. Wacław Rzewuski paid great attention to their security and safety and very good presence. One of the instructions was devoted to the conditions and circumstances for short journeys by the daughters to a nearby church or monastery. In particular, it concerns the staff of the daughters’ traveller suite. Another talks about being cautious with fire during their stay in the palace in Podhorce. Both instructions are unique documents of the realities of daily life and domestic trips by young women from the aristocratic sphere, and a father’s expectations with regard to their proper behaviour and maintaining good manners.

2

Obraz społeczności beduińskich w pismach Wacława Seweryna Rzewuskiego

99%

Mikońska Z.

Studia Orientalne

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2023

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issue 1(25)

115-134

RU

Статья является попыткой реконструкции образа бедуинских обществ которые описанные в произведениях Вацлава Северина Жевуского. Во время своего путешествия по Ближнему Востоку Жевускому удалось познакомиться с бедуинами, завоевав их доверие и уважение, что позволило ему получить подробные знания об их культуре и традициях, которые он позже описал в своей рукописи «О лошадях Востока и тех происходящих от восточных пород». Анализ сосредоточится на трех вопросах: как Жевуский воспринимал бедуинские общества и отношения между людьми в арабском мире, его личный опыт и знакомства с бедуинами, а также сравнения Европы и арабского мира с точки зрения общественной жизни, которые делал Жевуский. Анализ представлен в более широком контексте – с учетом восприятия арабов в Европе и Польше во времена Жевуского и увлечения Востоком в эпоху романтизма.

EN

This article attempts to reconstruct the image of Bedouin communities in the works of Wacław Seweryn Rzewuski. During his excursion in the Middle East, Rzewuski acquainted with Bedouins, gaining their trust and respect, which allowed him to get detailed knowledge of their culture and traditions, which he later described in his manuscript Concerning the horses of the Orient and those originating from oriental breeds. The analysis focuses on three issues: the way Rzewuski perceived Bedouin communities and interpersonal relations in the Arab world, his personal experiences and acquaintances with Bedouins, and the comparisons between Europe and the Arab world in terms of social life. The analysis is presented in a broader context – how Arabs were perceived in Europe and Poland in Rzewuski’s times and the fascination with the Orient in the Romanticism era.

3

Studium postaci w oparciu o warunki zatrudnienia profesora matematyki de Toux u Michała Kazimierza Radziwiłła "Rybeńki"

99%

Jankowski R.

Archiwa – Kancelarie – Zbiory

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2012

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issue 3(5)

s. 183 - 192

PL

Wydany dokument pozwala poznać kompetencje, obowiązki, uposażenie, pochodzenie i wykształcenie sekretarzy magnatów, na przykładzie de Toux, sekretarza Michała Kazimierza Radziwiłła „Rybeńki”.

EN

At the moment lack of subject specific literature does not allow more thorough description of main duties, responsibilities, and salaries of magnate's secretaries. In many cases social background and education of these secretaries remains a mystery. The document mentioned in the title of this article's. The conditions of acceptance of service as given by the gentleman Mr. de Toux to the Prince Hetman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as stated on the eighteenth day of March in the year 1756 in Podhorce may provide some answers to at least few the questions. The advantages of de Toux's mind have been listed by his promotor Wacław Rzewuski (1706-1779), at that time Voivode of Podole and the Royal Field Hetman, in correspondence with Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł "Rybeńko" (1702-1762), Grand Hetman of Lithuania and Voivode of Vilnius, in which it is was clear that the French was fluent in French, German and Latin, all three spoken and written skills, also he was a great engineer and architect, and an outstanding mathematician. He knew engineering, architecture, tactics, and artillery ranks. In spite of his many talents de Toux wished to be in service as a secretary, engineer and architect to "Rybeńko". Based on published "terms and conditions of employment" the reader may himself conduct a character study of Professor of Mathematics Mr. de Toux.

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Początki starożytnictwa i myśli konserwatorskiej w Polsce

83%

Frycz A.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1975

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issue 1

13-22

EN

The second half of the 18th century, being a period of scientific and artistic patronage of Poland’s last King, Stanislaus Augustus, saw enormous and rapid growth of interest for the past. This process was closely linked with the steadily growing observance of traditions in the ancient Polish towns where in the 17th century were developing the historiography and iconography, but much more still in the gentry families in which were preferred the objects coming from old days and furnishing an evidence of their long history and importance. As an example of such an approach can be quoted the activities of Wacław Rzewuski, the Crown Great Hetman whose interest for history and literature is commonly known and who at the same time busily collected relics of the past as, for instance, ancient weapons, -works of art, books and the like. The first modern historical school in Poland had its roots in activities of the Commission of National Education. The syllabuses were prepared by the same Commission headed by A. Naruszewicz and as their foundation was adopted his „History of the Polish People” the narrative of which has been brought by the author to the year 1386. Ignacy Krasicki, Bishop of Warmia was in those days a representative of rational, historically inquiring approach toward relics of the past which he carefully protected at the same time giving his residence, at Lidzbark Warmiński as an example and on many occasions speaking against reconstructions of ancient buildings. Tadeusz Czacki, in 1791, lustrated the Wawel Castle in Cracow and presented a comprehensive programme of protective measures. He reasoned his programme by emphasising the national importance of this object recalling the better past days in Poland’s history. Along with rational approaches toward the relics of the past at the end of the 18th century a sentimental and romantic fashion aroused taking the form of admiration for ruins and ancient details becoming the inspiration for feelings and incentives for imagination. Throught demolitions carried out at the end of the 18th and early in the 19th century numerous old castles have been turned into picturesque ruins as was, for instance, the case with the so-called „Mice’s Tower” at Kruszwica or a large range of stone keeps and larger strongholds surviving in the territory of the Cracow—Częstochowa Jura or others. At the same time, however, in parks surrounding aristocratic residences, in full accordance with the commonly approved idea of Izabela Czartoryska dating from 1805, a number of artificially made romantic ruins has been erected whereas into façades of various buildings were built-in stone fragments coming from original old castles, churches, old town houses and so forth. As an example of this may be considered the „House of Archpriest” in Arkadia near Nieborów residence that was erected by S.B. Zug for Helene Radziwiłł in 1795 or the „Gothic House” at Puławy built by P. Aigner for I. Czartoryska in 1809. In that latter case within the house a collection of archaeological materials and historic relics was sited. The first list of Poland’s historic monuments was presented in 1816 by T. Święcki in his valuable book titled „The Description of the Ancient Poland” where at the same time quite a vast programme of protection of the „relics of past” has been outlined by the author. As an interesting contribution in the process of development of historical consciousness among the Polish people is to be considered the production of painters. On the leading places in that range stood M. Bacciarelli who was the author of a large collection of paintings on historic subjects designed for decoration of the Royal Castle in Warsaw and Z. Vogel to whom we should be grateful for his excellent collection of drawings illustrating the then, i.e. at the end of the 18th century, existing architectural monuments. There can be any doubt whatsoever that people who at the end of the 18th century have laid the found ations for the modem development of conservation and protection of historic monuments are fully deserving our gratitude.

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1 Kucharski A.

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Instrukcje rodzicielskie Wacława Rzewuskiego dla syna Seweryna oraz córek Teresy i Ludwiki z lat 1754 i 1763/64

Obraz społeczności beduińskich w pismach Wacława Seweryna Rzewuskiego

Studium postaci w oparciu o warunki zatrudnienia profesora matematyki de Toux u Michała Kazimierza Radziwiłła "Rybeńki"

Początki starożytnictwa i myśli konserwatorskiej w Polsce