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EN
Nowadays, Leopold Stokowski is recognized as one of the most im¬portant conductors of the 20th Century. The artist was very proud of his Polish origin and conducted twenty two compositions written by eleven Polish composers, including Chopin, Wieniawski, Fitel¬berg, Szymanowski, Tansman, Szabelski, Moniuszko, Lutosławski, Panufnik, Jarecki and Paderewski. During his career Stokowski visit¬ed Poland four times. The first two visits (1924 and 1958) were private. The conductor’s first Polish concert took place in Warsaw in May 1959 – on this occasion Stokowski conducted Lutosławski’s Symphony No. 1 and Szymanowski’s Stabat Mater. The press praised Stokowski for bringing from the orchestra his own rich sonorities and for his great sensitivity, and at the same time criticized him for lack of for¬mal discipline. Also Lutosławski was dissatisfied with Stokowski’s interpretation. Stokowski conducted in Poland also in May 1960, when he gave a couple of concerts in Zabrze and Bydgoszcz. Both programmes included compositions by Polish composers – Szabelski and Moniuszko. The conductor was also a close friend of Andrzej Panufnik. Stokowski collaborated with Panufnik when conducting his Symphony for peace and later led the world premiere performance of revised version of the work, entitled Sinfonia Elegiaca. He also con¬ducted Sinfonia sacra and two other world premiere performances of Panufnik’s works – Katyń Epitaph and Universal Prayer. Stokowski recorded some of Polish compositions – both in studio and during concerts. Some of these performances are still unpublished (Fitel¬berg’s Polish rhapsody, Moniuszko’s Fairy tale overture and Szyman¬owski’s Stabat Mater), while others have been published (Panufnik’s Universal Prayer, Lutosławski’s Symphony No. 1 and Szabelski’s Tocca¬ta). Stokowski’s Polish episodes are intriguing and the present study is the first one to bring to light this forgotten episodes from the great conductor’s biography.
EN
The year 1918 found Polish national music in a state of extreme neglect, to which had “contributed” - as far as Warsaw was concerned - the period of partitions as well as the time of the Prussian occupation (1915–1918). Attempts to catch up in the field of production and popularisation of national music made from late 1918 by Warsaw activists associated with the a disruption in the existing structure of the public following the influx into ruling party (National Democracy) came up against obstacles caused by Warsaw of impoverished Poles from the provinces, including Russia, as well as an intensification of conflicts between the Polish and Jewish populations. Programmes for a revival of the national music tradition focused primarily on practical actions aimed at improving the lot of Polish musicians by providing them with support from the state and educating a new Polish audience. The third aspect of these programmes was the organisation of a government campaign promoting Polish music abroad. The paper presents unknown sources from the daily Warsaw press of the first half of the 1920s illustrating Warsaw’s everyday musical life in these aspects.
PL
Rok 1918 zastał polską muzykę narodową w stanie ogromnego zaniedbania, na które „zapracował” - jeśli chodzi o Warszawę - zarówno okres zaborów, jak i czasy okupacji pruskiej (1915–1918). Podejmowane od końca 1918 roku przez stołecznych działaczy związanych z partią rządzącą (Narodową Demokracją) próby nadrabiania zaległości w dziedzinie twórczości i upowszechniania muzyki narodowej napotykały przeszkody spowodowane zachwianiem się dotychczasowej struktury publiczności, co było związane z napływem do Warszawy spauperyzowanej polskiej ludności z prowincji, w tym z ziem byłego Cesarstwa rosyjskiego, jak również nasileniem się konfliktów pomiędzy ludnością polską i żydowską. Programy odbudowy tradycji muzyki narodowej skupiły się przede wszystkim na działaniach praktycznych, mających na celu poprawienie bytu muzyków polskich, poprzez zapewnienie im poparcia ze strony państwa, oraz wychowanie nowej polskiej publiczności. Trzecim aspektem omawianych programów było zorganizowanie rządowej akcji propagandy muzyki polskiej na granicą. Referat prezentuje nieznane źródła pochodzące z codziennej prasy warszawskiej I połowy lat 20. XX wieku, ilustrujące codzienność warszawskiego życia muzycznego w wymienionych aspektach.
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