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“Late Hallstatt” hillforts in the Western Carpathians: new contribution to an old discussion

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Danielová B. L., Markiewicz J. A., Przybyła M. S., Ledwoń J.
Acta Archaeologica Carpathica
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2021
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vol. LVI
221-256
EN
The article presents new research on fortified settlements from the Early Iron Age in the Orava and Dunajec river valleys. Based on the characteristics of the construction of the fortifications and similarities in terms of material culture, we propose recognizing the hillforts discovered here as a manifestation of one cultural and settlement horizon related to the so-called Pre-Púchov stage. The radiocarbon determinations obtained for the contexts stratigraphically related to the ramparts from the Nižná-Ostražica, Zabrzeż-Babia Góra, and Maszkowice-Góra Zyndrama sites are already located on the calibration curve after the so-called Hallstatt plateau and allow this horizon to be dated to the 4th century BC, i.e. to the times corresponding to the La Tène B1–B2 phases. Our observations confirm the opinions appearing in more recent literature about the need to date the Pre-Púchov stage in Slovakia earlier, and discuss the thesis about the continuation of settlement at the beginning of the La Tène period. With regard to the Polish Carpathian zone, arguments indicating the possibility of the survival of settlements with Early Iron Age traditions up to the 4th century BC are presented for the first time. This allows us to assume that the process of the formation of the cultural tradition of the La Tène period here progressed in a similar manner to Slovakia, and it was not solely the result of migration from the latter.
2
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How far did they go? Exotic stone raw materials occurrence at the Middle Palaeolithic sites. Case studies of sites from Western Carpathian Mts.

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Acta Archaeologica Carpathica
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2018
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vol. LIII
3
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Wybrane problemy regionalizacji fizycznogeograficznej Centralnych Karpat Zachodnich

86%
Balon J.
Prace Geograficzne
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2012
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issue 128
29-43
PL
W artykule autor ukazuje cztery problemy regionalizacji fizycznogeograficznej w słowackiej części Karpat. Należą do nich: granica pomiędzy Małą Fatrą a Magurą Orawską, przynależność fizycznogeograficzna Szypskiej Fatry, przynależność fizycznogeograficzna Szczyrbskiego Działu oraz ranga taksonomiczna Gór Lewockich. Omówiono dotychczasowe rozwiązania tych problemów przez autorów polskich i słowackich, dokonano krytycznej ich oceny i zaproponowano nowe rozwiązania.
EN
The author presents an attempt to solve several problems of physicogeographical divisions in the Slovak part of the Carpathians. Different regionalizations (Hromadka 1956, Kondracki 1978, Mazur, Lukniś 1978, 1982, Czeppe, German 1979, Balon et al. 1995, Balon, Jodłowski 2005) are discussed and then critically evaluated. New solutions proposed are based on the analysis of selected features of natural environment and guided by the principles described in the author’s other paper (Balon 2000). The new course of the border between the Mala Fatra and the Oravska Magura should be delineated along the line: Istebné – Istebnianka stream valley – the pass (865 m a.s.l.) between Mračkovo and Opálené – Plešivský stream valley. The physicogeographical status of the Šipska Fatra massif and the Chočské Vrchy was also the subject of the study. As a result of the analysis of the border between two basins, the Liptovska Kotlina and Spišska Kotlina, a separate physicogeographical region Štrbský Divide was distinguished. The physicogeographical status of the Levočske Vrchy was also taken into consideration. In the author’s opinion those mountains form a macroregion together with the Bachureň Mts. and parts of the Medzihorie Spišsko-Šarišské. Selected issues presented in the paper indicate a need for a more detailed (to the level of microregion) physicogeographical regionalization of the Central Western Carpathians.
4
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Polaniarstwo jako istotny wyróżnik w badaniach nad typologią krajobrazów pasterskich Karpat Zachodnich

86%
Łach J., Bojko I.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2019
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vol. 1
261-274
EN
The article is an attempt to use the method of landmark and determinants in research on the typology of pastoral and agricultural landscapes in the area of the Beskids range the Western Carpathians. The paper analyzes the structure and form of economic activities in the mid-forest clearing, allowing to define mountain landscapes. The Beskids landscape due to the varied morphology, terrain cover and the Vlachs cultural element is considered to be particularly valuable in terms of landscape. The definition of the natural and cultural aspects of the Beskids landscapes made it possible to separate, in the type of rural landscapes – the pastoral subtype, the pastoral and agricultural landscape called as the agro-shepherd.
5

Black Shirt: An (Un)Known Garment Worn by Mountain Shepherds in the Western Carpathians

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Michalička V.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2023
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vol. 33
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issue 2
103 - 114
EN
The study focusses on black shirts, soaked with animal fat and smoked, worn by Carpathian shepherds in the 17th-19th centuries. The author focuses on sources from the area of the present-day Czech Republic, taking into consideration the wider context of the use of this garment also in the area of the present-day Poland and Slovakia. The chosen theme has been dealt with based on the study of period sources and professional literature as well as on a series of experiments aimed at the technique of making this shirt and at practical issues related to its common use. The functionality of this garment, which featured a special treatment −impregnation with animal fat and smoking − is addressed as well. Due to this treatment, the shirt was more resistant to moisture, cold, wind, and insects. The study also presents results of experimental research which explains the process of making the black shirts, confronting their real properties with historical records. In the conclusion, the author points out the pitfalls of experimental verification due to the unfamiliarity with detailed procedures and production customs, and opens up the possibility of further laboratory research in collaboration with technical disciplines.
6
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Early copper age settlement with evidence of copper smelting metallurgy from Horná Mičiná (Central Slovakia)

86%
Zachar T., Bartík J., Struhár V., Ozdín D., Pašteka R., Nývltová Fišáková M., David W.
Zborník Slovenského národného múzea Archeológia
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2023
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issue 117
7-24
EN
The presented paper shows the preliminary results of an archaeological and geophysical survey carried out in Horná Mičiná – Hájny diel (Central Slovakia). The site documents prehistoric settlement and is located outside the primarily agricultural area of the Zvolen basin. The magnetometric survey showed the existence of positive anomalies, suggesting the presence of settlement structures. The archaeological research revealed the existence of a settlement feature and a furnace pit. Elemental and mineralogical analyses witness the exploitation of local copper ores. On the basis of 14C analysis, the settlement can be dated to early Eneolithic period. Further knowledge about the settlement is provided by archaeobotanical and osteological analyses.
7
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Results of archaeological rescue excavations at Mucharz (Beskidy Mts.)

72%
Valde-Nowak P., Tarasiński A.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2010
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vol. 2
185-201
EN
During rescue excavations at the site Mucharz 12 carried out due to building of the water reservoir at Świnna Poręba on the border of the Middle and Small Beskidy Mts. unexpectedly traces of the Late Paleolithic settlement of Świdry culture were discovered, among them remains of two dwelling features. Besides them the site provided numerous Mesolithic artifacts, traces of Neolithic settlement, assemblages representing two different variants of Bronze Age Mierzanowice culture and finally remains connected with medieval occupation. Studies on stone artifacts demonstrated that mainly during the Mesolithic period local deposits of Mikuszowice hornstone were exploited. Presence of the artifacts made of raw materials coming from some distance sources (e.g. Jurassic flint) was confirmed as well. Presented results put new light on the problem of detectability of archaeological sites within mountain zones of southern Poland, as well as on the character of prehistorical settlement traces on the territory.
8
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Paleolithic Man in the Tatra Mountains

43%
Acta Archaeologica Carpathica
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2018
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vol. LIII
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