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EN
The economic boom, driven by the demand for slaves and furs in the countries of the Middle East and Middle Asia, the Maghreb and al-Andalus, and the resultant silver fl ows coming into the peripheral zone of Europe, permitted or facilitated the formation of early centres of power. In Wielkopolska, fur from tributes and people captured during raiding expeditions were traded for ores and luxury goods. These, in turn, were used to pay for the retinue (družina). Therefore, prestige and silver constituted the basis of ‘central’ power, conditioned the support for the power and thus its continued reign. The Czech lands were an important link in the transcontinental trade connecting Khazaria and Hungary with al Andalus. The Přemyslids’ power relied heavily on the income arising from the control over the routes passing through Prague. Nevertheless, their reign, notably Boleslav I’s, was also founded upon the organisation of slave export, a factor driving and regulating the Bohemian political economy throughout the second half of the tenth century.
EN
The thirteenth century witnessed three betrayals in which involved were noble houses from Wielkopolska. Tomasz of the Nałęcz coat of arms acted against Przemysł I, while Sędziwój Zaremba of Jarocin conspired against Przemysł II. Both houses of Nałęcz and Zaremba reportedly participated in the so-called Rogoźno Crime. This paper looks at the consequences of the betrayals. Apparently, a Duke should remove unfaithful offi cials from his entourage (that is how rotation of offi cials works), yet it was not always the case. The article attempts to answer the question whether any rotation existed back then and presents stories behind each of the betrayals.
Archeologia Polski
|
2013
|
vol. 58
|
issue 1-2
7-12
EN
The author discusses the most important scientific achievements of Professor Zofia Kurnatowska, one of the most outstanding Polish early medieval archaeologists. Her name is closely connected with postwar research on the emergence of Polish statehood. For years she was engaged in building the scientific and technical infrastructure in Wielkopolska, forming a sound basis for the implementation of long-term research projects in the region. The Author discusses first the stages of her professional career, including her lifelong relation with the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. It goes on to describe Prof. Kurnatowska’s research interests and in particular her contribution to the study of Slav culture, finishing with a resume of her extensive publications (621 papers) and her organizational achievements. The author concludes with the statement that Prof. Zofia Kurnatowska was a beacon for many generations of researchers.
PL
A concept repudiating endogenous origins of the Piast state has presently enjoyed considerable popularity in Polish historiography and archaeology. The scholars who support this hypothesis propound that the Piast state was formed in an act of conquest by a foreign military elite. Ideas akin to this supposition, based on the so called social conflict theory, were for the first time formulated in social and historical sciences in the second half of the nineteenth and in the early twentieth century. This paper seeks to examine this thesis and collate it with the postulate that the social contract (finalised with a ritual pact) was the fundamental cause of the origin of the primary Piast domain.
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