Search results - CEJSH

1

Argumentative Bedeutung von historischen Analogien in der nationalsozialistischen Propaganda während des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Einige Bemerkungen über Methodologie und Forschungsergebnisse eines Projekts

100%

Kołtunowski P.

Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature

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2008

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issue 32

282-300

EN

Basing on historical analogy, the paper analyzes the problem of argumentative manipulation in the Nazi propaganda during World War II.. The present study of propaganda texts took into account two types of linguistic manipulation: “explanation” and “justification”, both playing a crucial role in forming the German postures during World War II. The analysis showed that the Nazi propaganda made use of false historical analogies, i.e. it juxtaposed and compared incommensurable facts, patterns of behaviour, feats leading to victory, etc. The aim of the manipulative technique of false historical analogy, based on explanation and justification, was to boost the Germans’ “combative” morale. This was expected to be achieved by way of shaping the required postures: a complete submission to the Nazi leadership, the endurance vis-à-vis losses inflicted, combating apathy and defeatism, creating a psychological “distance” with respect to the crisis and losses. The justification of the war effort was done through spreading fear, creating the “endurance” posture, appealing to the “Prussian virtues”, etc. The forging of these postures was meant to keep the German nation in the spirit of constant “combative readiness”.

2

Reportażowe reprezentacje pamięci w tomie Michała Olszewskiego „Najlepsze buty na świecie”

85%

Piechota M.

Stylistyka

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2019

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vol. 28

109-129

EN

The article analyses how reportage creates representations of individual and shared memories as well as official and private memories, as described by Michał Olszewski in his volume “The Best Shoes in the World”. Another topic covered in the book and investigated in this article is the mechanisms of memory repression brought about by events of the Second World War. The most important topics and problems incorporated in Olszewski’s book are the erosion of memories of experiences during and after the war; the reasons for, and mechanisms of, this erosion; self-reflection on how memories determine our heritage; and the hiding and falsification of historical facts such as greed and collaboration. An important element of Olszewski’s narrative is how the past is commercialised in performances by reconstruction groups.

3

Pozostałości działań wojennych zarejestrowane na stanowisku Borkowo 16, gm. Pruszcz Gdański

80%

Rzepecki S., Ryba-Kaczorowski A.

Raport

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2013

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vol. 8

395-402

EN

Apart from the relics of pre-historic settlement, the rescue excavations carried out at the site Borkowo 16 (AZP 13-43/209), Pruszcz Gdański commune, pomorskie vivodeship, recorded also the relics of war activities from March 1945. They made themselves manifest in the form of features – shooting pits, trenches and artillery fire positions – as well as artefacts – artillery shells and small arms, as well as fragments of ammunition. The historic discoveries are connected to the struggles for breaking the defence line of the German military units by the invading Red Army.

4

PRASA OKRESU POWSTANIA WARSZAWSKIEGO. „BIULETYN INFORMACYJNY” I JEGO STRUKTURA GATUNKOWA

80%

Wróbel W.

Civitas et Lex

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2018

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issue 4(20)

15-27

EN

The presented paper concerns press in the period of the Warsaw Uprising, especially “Biuletyn Informacyjny”. Polish underground editing movement was the greatest amongst European countries covered by the World War II. Differently than underground press published during occupancy, press of the Warsaw Uprising is considered as open. The purpose of this paper is to present press of the Warsaw Uprising on the example of the “Biuletyn Informacyjny” (1939−1945). The author analyzed 68 numbers of the newspaper edited during the Warsaw Uprising to show the genre structure of the “Biuletyn Informacyjny” on the background of the Warsaw Uprising press, with the reference to underground press of the period of World War II.

5

Organization and Functioning of Intelligence Formations since the Creation of Czechoslovakia Until the End of World War II

80%

Dworzecki J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej

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2019

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issue 3

42-50

EN

The paper discusses issues of creation, organization and functioning of intelligence formations operating in Czechoslovakia in the period between the rise of an independent state until the end of World War II and presents the mechanisms of recruiting full-time officers and spies as well as civilian informers. In addition, the paper features methods used by intelligence agents as well as applied models of managing human and operational capital together with examples of undercover actions undertaken by specialized intelligence units.

6

Salezjanie w obozie Auschwitz

80%

Wontor-Cichy T.

Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe

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2013

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vol. 34

311-324

EN

The process of beatification of the second group of World War II martyrs provided an opportunity to remember among those Servants of God eight Salesians who were prisoners at the Auschwitz camp. In 1999, Fr. Joseph Kowalski was already added to the group of those beatified. Between the years 1940-1945, at least 1, 300, 000 people were taken to the Auschwitz concentration camp. Among this number were 464 priests, monks, and seminarians and 35 nuns from Poland and other countries of occupied Europe. Most of them perished in Auschwitz or other camps to which they were transferred. Among those imprisoned in Auschwitz, there were 22 Salesians whose fate well illustrates the fate of all the clergy in the camp. Many of them (13) died in the camp, some very shortly after registration at the camp. Two more died after being transferred to Dachau, and one to Neuengamme. Only 6 survived the war out of the group of Salesians relocated to Dachau where clergy imprisoned in various camps were starting to be concentrated. This article recalls the circumstances of their arrest and fate in the camp. This historical research was based on preserved camp records as well as the testimonies of survivors who had been in contact with the Salesians during their stay in the camp.

7

“To show the world that we are not barbarians but Germans”: The Role of the Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt in France and annexed Alsace (1940–1944)

80%

Hadwiger D.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2016

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vol. 23

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issue 1

42-53

EN

The article deals with the transnational engagement of one of the biggest German welfare organizations during the Second World War in France and Alsace.The Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt (NSV) provided food and clothing to refugees in the North-East of France as also in the de facto annexed Alsace between June and October 1940. The aim of the article is to analyse the reasons of the German “humanitarian” activity for the benefit of civilians in North-Eastern France and Alsace. The NSV’s activities were part of a larger occupation policy which should present particularly in the first months of occupation the humane aspects of a superior Germany. In the end, the German distribution of food to the occupied population didn’t succeed to win the majority for collaboration, but shows the importance of propaganda and racial categories during Germany’s occupation of Europe in the Second World War

8

“Blood Will Tell”. The Eugenics Movement in Canada Prior

80%

Albański Ł.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2010

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issue 1(13)

241-250

EN

Until the eugenics movement got under way, “race” was always in some sense a popular science. In the nineteenth century there were important attempts to identify nationality with race.2 Racialism thus provided a powerful framework for interpreting and explaining other cultures, and for articulating the racial supremacy of one race. Moreover, racial heredity implied that there must be a unity of descent. Once upon a time there must have existed a number of ancestors of definite bodily form, from whom the present population has descended. This is clearest in the case of a homogenous population.

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Geneza rodu mjr. Aleksandra Iwańskiego, przebieg jego służby wojskowej i życie rodzinne

80%

Iwańska K.

Wadoviana. Przegląd historyczno-kulturalny

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2014

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issue 17

52-86

EN

The history of major Alexander Iwanski is associated with Tarnow and its neighbourhood for almost 150 years. First documented sign of his family, left in the birth certificate books, occurred in the Matrimony Register in 1805 and it was connected with Jan Kanty Iwanski and Franciszka Loszowska's wedding. The oldest son of this marriage Jan Kanty Junior and the grandson Franciszek Ksawery were on duty for many years as forest rangers. The first of them was a ranger in Jastrzabka Nowa near Zasow and the second one in Leki Gorne below Tarnow. Alexander Iwanski was born in 1892 in Dabie (near Mielec). His parents were Jan Tadeusz (the son of Franciszek Iwanski) a teacher in Tarnow and Rozalia from the Jaklinski family. After graduating from the Junior High School in Tarnow and beginning legal studies at Jagiellonian University in Cracow in 1914, Alexander Iwanski was conscripted to Austrian army. He served military service in the 56th Austrian infantry regiment fighting on a Russian, Romanian and Italian front. He also trained the soldiers in a reserve reeve in Kielce. Alexander Iwanski took part in gorlicka campaign in which the 56th Austrian infantry regiment fought for the Pustka Hill. At the end of May 1915, near Krakowiec, Alexander was seriously hurt in head and stayed in hospital in Vienna. For his military service and bravery he was honoured with Austrian distinctions: the Great Silver Bravery Order of the First Class and the Charles Military Cross. In 1918 he was on the Italian front as an officer and took part in the creation of the 12th Infantry Regiment of Wadowice. After returning with his army to Wadowice he was appointed to be the first aide-de-camp in the headquarters district Wadowice. After marrying Zofia Waligorska – the daughter of Franciszek Waligorski (retired post office cashier) his later duty was connected with the commissary. Zofia and Alexander Iwanscy had four children: Krystyna, Adam, Danuta and Andrzej. In the years 1919-1939 Alexander Iwanski took active part in the military service of the Officers Corps Commissary in Brzesc by the river Bug, in Grodno, Lodz, Warsaw, Bialystok, Katowice and Kielce. He had directional functions in all of the commissary divisions. After finishing the Commissary High School in 1925 in Warsaw, he had the military service in Lwow for six years. His brother Franciszek often visited him at that time. Franciszek was a pilot-observant and served in the 6th air regiment in Sknilowo near Lwow. For the last four years before the World War II Alexander Iwanski was the Director of the Receiving Group with the degree of the Major Commissary. His family spent a lot of months and sometimes even years with his grandparents Waligorscy in Wadowice. In 1937 the Iwanski family moved to Wadowice forever and their children Danuta and Adam continued learning in the local schools. After the broke out of the World War II and the evacuation to the West, major Alexander Iwanski served military service in France and in England (Scotland). In 1946 he returned home to his family. He died on 11th June 1965 in Krosno.

10

Privilegovaný malý spojenec. Kráľovská nórska vláda v spojeneckom Londýne

80%

Jakubec P.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2020

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issue 1

21-32

EN

During the Second World War, London hosted several Allied governments-in-exile. An unprecedented phenomenon in diplomatic history, the explosion of exile politics affected the position and agency of the Czechoslovak authorities. The aim of this study is to present basic, often status-related operational parameters of one of their lesser partners, the Royal Norwegian Government, which also strived to contribute to a sustainable balance in the mutual relationships of the “Grand Coalition” great powers.

11

Relikty działań wojennych zarejestrowanych podczas badań archeologicznych na stanowisku militarnym 1–24 w Lesie Puławskim

80%

Mazurek M., Muzolf P., Sznajdrowska-Pondel A.

Raport

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2017

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vol. 12

199-212

EN

In 2016, during excavations on a military site, part 1-24, in Las Puławski, a number of remains connected with the 20th century warfare were found. The field fortifications included front-line trenches, communication trenches and shelters. The analysis of their size and function and the artefacts found in the fills indicate that only one of the fortifications may be connected with World War I. The rest of the trenches were built by the 1st Polish Army, which operated in the area in July and August 1944, during an unsuccessful attempt to cross the Vistula River between Puławy and Dęblin.

12

Between Autonomy and the Reich Administration Economic Department of the Reich Protector’s Office (1939–1942)

80%

Štolleová B.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2016

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vol. 24

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issue 2

50-69

EN

The article deals with the creation and functioning of the department “Economy and Finance” of the Reich Protector’s Office as a body playing the dominant role in the process of formation of the economic policy in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in 1939–1942, and sheds light on its penetration into the autonomous occupation administration that took place as part of Heydrich’s reform of public administration. The focus of attention is on the status of the Economic Department of the Reich Protector’s office on the boundary between the Reich German administration and the Protectorate administration, its organisational and personnel structure, competences, and financing mechanism.

13

Kozackie formacje w służbie III Rzeszy

80%

Szymanowicz A.

Wschodnioznawstwo

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2018

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issue 12

243-259

EN

After the attack of the Third Reich’s army on the Soviet Union, many Cossacks in exile declared their willingness to fight in the German formations against the hated enemy. Also, a significant part of the Cossack population in the Don, Kuban or Terek territories occupied by the Germans enthusiastically welcomed the entering Wehrmacht troops. Shortly afterwards, the Cossacks were permitted to create their local government there, and also received guarantees of cultural, educational and religious freedom. The formation of Cossack troops used by the Germans for reconnaissance and 'fighting the Soviet partisans also commenced. These soldiers were to be treated equally with German soldiers. After a series of German defeats on the Eastern Front in 1943 and after the Red Army had taken the initiative on the Eastern Front, the Cossack formations together with the accompanying civilian population created the so-called Cossack

14

Archiv vizuální historie USC Shoah Foundation v CVH Malach a československé židovské identity

80%

Mlynář J.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2013

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vol. 5

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issue 1

173-183

EN

Identities and their representation and expression in different social contexts became one of the key problems of social sciences and humanities in the late 20th century. Sociology – which is the approach taken in this paper – doesn’t understand identity as something given or fixed, but rather as a social construction created in the processes of interaction and negotiation. Emphasis is on the temporal mutability and fluidity of the identities, their social origin (membership in different social groups and identification with them), and the premise that an individual in contemporary society uses a variety of different identities in social interactions. First part of the paper presents the archive, which is the source of the data; the second part is a short overview of key theoretical aspects of sociological research on identities; and the final part is dealing with different ways of expressing a collective (Jewish) identity in biographical interviews from the USC Shoah Foundation’s Visual History Archive, interpreting it in the broad context of sociological reflections on personal and collective identity

15

Legal Regulation of Joint-stock Companies in the Bohemian Lands and its Changes during the Nazi occupation (1939–1945)

80%

Štolleová B.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2018

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issue 27

75-93

EN

The paper examines some aspects of the legal framework of business in the Bohemian Lands during the Nazi Occupation. It focuses on changes in the legal regulation of joint-stock companies in annexed borderlands and in the later Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and evaluates their consequences from the perspective of their own functioning and also in the wider context of the advancement of the occupier’s interests in the Bohemian and Moravian economy. The paper describes analogies and discrepancies between Czechoslovak and German stock law at the time of the constitutional changes in the autumn of 1938. It focuses on the regulations modifying the stereotypes inherent in the functioning of joint-stock companies and playing its role in the context of planned ownership changes. Included in the paper are regulations governing internal affairs in enterprises, i. e. administration and management of joint-stock companies (structure of the statutory bodies, competencies, and approval mechanisms), regulations affecting external company representation and regulations governing stock trading.

16

Komitet Białoruski w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie (1940–1945)

80%

Grzybowski J.

Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

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2018

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vol. 11

32-64

PL

The subject of this study is the activity of the Belarusians in the General Government in 1940–1945. Belarusians were the fifth largest ethnic group in the GG. The German occupation authorities, applying the principle of “divide and conquer”, were ready to give Belarusians some freedom in the sphere of culture, religion and economy. In 1940, the Belarusian Committee was established in Warsaw, with branches in Biała Podlaska and Kraków. The majority of committee members were Belarusians and Poles – prisoners of war and refugees from the Soviet occupation zone of Poland. As a priority of this organization, cultural, educational and religious activities among the Belarusians in the General Government were recognized. The activists of the committee managed to create a school in Warsaw and two parishes (Orthodox and Catholic). Belarusian activities faced some difficulties. Serious problems for the Belarusians Committee caused the activities of Ukrainian organizations in the GG. One of the episodes in the history of the Belarusian Committee is the cooperation of its activists with German military intelligence.

17

Kwestia państwowości białoruskiego w myśli emigracyjnej po zakończeniu II wojny światowej

80%

Hardzijenka N.

Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

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2015

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vol. 8

15-25

EN

In the circles of Belarusian emigrants in Germany in the second half of 1940s were formed two political groups aspiring to become the political representation in the West. The first one was related with the Council of the Belarusian Democratic Republic (BRL), reactivated in 1947 and headed by Mikola Abramchyk. Those emigrants who didn’t share their ideas with the President Abramchyk gathered around the The Belarusian Central Rada (BRC), headed by Radoslav Ostrovsky. These two political groups had their own followers and enjoyed their confidence. Despite the differences as to how to justify their power or establish the borders of the reborn state, both political representations of Belarusian emigration were expressing their enthusiasm for the restitution of the independent Belarusian state as the Belarusian People’s Republic. There was consensus on denying the Soviet Belarus as a form of Belarusian statehood.

18

Ukraińcy w Polskich Siłach Zbrojnych na Zachodzie podczas II wojny światowej (zarys problemu)

80%

Grzybowski J.

Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia

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2016

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vol. 4

509-523

PL

In the Polish Armed Forces in the West there served several thousand soldiers of Ukrainian nationality. The article analyses the various aspects associated with the presence of Ukrainians in Polish military formations fi ghting on the western fronts of World War II. The author analyses the source literature, and correspondingly indicates the most signifi cant events that require further investigation.

19

„Chorwaci islamskiej wiary” – byt rzeczywisty czy twór propagandy?

80%

Gucka A.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2011

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vol. 11

EN

The “Croats of Islamic faith” – reality or a creation of propaganda? According to the latest census, in 2001, 56, 777 Muslims live in the Republic of Croatia. The present article is an attempt to answer the following questions about these “Croats of Islamic faith” (Hrvati islamske vjeroispovjesti): Who are they? Where do they come from? And how are they socially perceived?The notion that the Bosnian Muslims are “Croats of the purest blood” was first formulated in the first half of the XIX century by Dr. Ante Starčević, the founder of the Law Party and the originator of a modern Croatian national doctrine. His views were fully adopted and accepted by the Ustasha propaganda, which claims that Bosnia and Herzegovina is the historical cradle of the Croatian state. As a result of this, local Muslims enjoyed a status which was equal to that of the Catholic community. Some propaganda gestures of the time, such as a celebration of the opening of a big mosque in downtown Zagreb, were meant to make the Bosnian Muslims accept the idea of the NDH state and induce them to enroll in the Ustasha Army. After World War II numerous Muslims, who uncritically became advocates of the Ustasha propaganda also shared the fate of Pavelic and his followers. The other Muslims who left their country before the war cultivated the infamous traditions of the NDH state, as well as the myth of an apparent Catholic-Muslim brotherhood.Following the civil war (1991–1995) thousands of Muslim refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina returned to Croatia, and the issue of their ethnic identity caused some problems. The level of social acceptance of the Muslim community in this traditionally Catholic community, however, is insufficient given the history, and displays of religious activity such as the establishment of Islamic schools and the building of mosques, raise anxiety and a fear of Islamicization amongst many Catholic Croatians. One can observe ongoing and endless Internet debates on the issue as to whether or not the Muslims living in Croatia are true Croatians, while politicians struggle to make use of the Muslim issue for their own purposes. In reality the “Croats of Islamic faith” are simply trying to adapt themselves to the global community and are too busy with everyday matters that they seem not to notice these debates that are largely theoretical.

20

Ōkunoshima and Japan’s Chemical Arsenal: 1900-1945

80%

Doglia A.

Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia

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2018

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issue 31

47-63

XX

Up until 1944, Japan had been developing its own chemical weapons programme. This arsenal was primarily produced in what would become the country’s largest facility, on the island of Ōkunoshima. Before the massive casualties inflicted on the continent, Japanese workers had been the first victims of the weapons of mass destruction they had been manufacturing. This paper seeks to provide a short overview of Japan’s chemical arsenal, taking into account the workers’ wartime conditions on the island. In the context of the rapid development of Western science at all costs, it will also highlight some of the structural deficiencies behind Japan’s military endeavours, and their immediate consequences.

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