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EN
The system of the social security is the law which has a constitutional established position in Poland as well as finds numerous connections to the files of international law. However, as a result of different social-economic conditioning, it a is subject to transformations. These changes should contribute to reducing of the effects of appearances of the living risk. According to the authors, it is possible, in many cases, to assess implemented reforms as the withdrawing of the state from the guaranteed constitutionally and internationally social standard. Healing of the public finance and the improvement in the trade boom should be an essential stage in reforming of the system of the social security
EN
The purpose of the article is reflection about the place of the housing security in the system of social security in contemporary Poland. The author put up a thesis that with the civilization development of the Polish society, social policy in Poland should gradually tend to extension of guarantees of the minimal level of social security, in this to extension of scope of public guarantees of housing security for the ecomically marginalized households. In the article the contemporary level of public housing assistance is presented as a starting point to planning the activities which can improve effectiveness of this assistance
XX
Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie funkcjonowania rynku pracy w Danii w latach 1990—2003. Scharakteryzowano rozwój zatrudnienia i bezrobocie, a także instytucjonalne czynniki oddziałujące na rynek pracy. Ujęto główne wyznaczniki sukcesu duńskiego modelu zatrudnienia. Do głównych jego cech można zaliczyć: wysoki stopień partnerstwa społecznego, wysoki wskaźnik zatrudnienia, niską stopę bezrobocia, niski poziom prawnej ochrony stosunków pracy połączony z wysokim poziomem zabezpieczenia społecznego, wysoki stopień kompensacji zasiłków dla bezrobotnych oraz długi okres ich pobierania. W wyniku reform rynku pracy, systemu podatkowego i innych uwarunkowań stopa bezrobocia zmniejszyła się z 9,6% w 1993 r. do 5,6% w 2003 r., natomiast zatrudnienie wzrosło w tym okresie z 2562 tys. do 2755 tys.
EN
The aim of the article was to present the labour market in Denmark in the period of 1990-2003. The development of the employment and unemployment and institutional factors influencing the labour market were also described. The main indicators of the success of the Danish employment model were defined. The co-operation with all social partners is the essential part of the labour market policy. The main factors of the Danish employment model are: a high level of the social partnership, a high indicator of the employment, a low unemployment rate, a low level of the legal protection of the labour contracts joint with a high level of social security benefits, a high level of the unemployment benefits and a long period of receiving them. In consequence of the reforms in the labour market, tax system and other conditions the unemployment rate decreased from 9,6% in 1993 to 5,6% in 2003, the employment increased in this period from 2562 thous. to 2755 thous. respectively.
EN
Efficiency indexes are used in economy niversally, but their utilisation within the social politics is also possible is in certain scopes. The specific index of financial efficiency can be applied to define the role of the state in funding the social protection system. The paper includes discussion how the index can be applied in the social protection system. The discussion was based on the examples of Poland, Great Britain and Germany because these countries are perceived as ones where the certain models of the social politics were introduced.
PL
W latach 2014-2015 Ukraina stanęła przed koniecznością przeprowadzenia głębokich reform gospodarczych według scenariusza Międzynarodowego Funduszu Walutowego. Można się spodziewać, że część z nich doprowadzi do redukcji zatrudnienia i zmiany jego struktury. Ukraina jak dotąd dysponuje dobrze funkcjonującym systemem ubezpieczeń na wypadek bezrobocia. Do tej pory bezrobocie kształtowało się jednak na niskim poziomie. W naturalny sposób rodzą się pytania, czy ten system sprawdzi się w warunkach prognozowanego wzrostu bezrobocia, a także, jakie zmiany w nim należałoby rozważyć. Jest to kwestia istotna ze względu na społeczne skutki planowanych reform oraz możliwość uzyskania społecznej akceptacji dla ich kontynuacji.
EN
In 2014 and 2015 Ukraine was required to implement thorough economic reforms, according to the scenario by International Monetary Fund. One could expect that some of them will lead to decrease in employment and change its structure. Ukraine has had a thriving employment insurance system. However, the employment rates used to be rather low. A natural question is, will this system withstand in highly probable conditions of growing unemployment and what kind of improvement changes should be regarded in this extent. It seems to be an important issue as the reforms are going to affect social conditions and their outcome may rely on general social acceptance.
EN
In this article previous output in the field of (employers) social risk in the light of social security and labour law was presented. However, the most important aim was to emphasize on similarities and differences of social risk definitions. In the next step, the new definition of employer's social risk was introduced which is more suitable in the economic approach. The author, based on formulated definition, made the hypothesis which lets to answer the question: "do and how employer's social risk impact on situation in the labour market. In this context, the most valuable will be empirical verification of relation between the scope of employment protection legislation and the employment rate of fragile group in the labour market.
PL
Obecnie rola państwa w kształtowaniu konkurencyjności kraju nie jest ograniczona jedynie do wspierania rozwoju innowacyjności i kapitału ludzkiego. Coraz większe znaczenie ma prowadzona polityka socjalna, która realizowana jest w celu stworzenia państwa nie tylko konkurencyjnego na arenie międzynarodowej, ale także gwarantującego wysoki poziom życia mieszkańców. Jednocześnie głównym problemem współczesnego państwa opiekuńczego jest stawianie czoła coraz większym kosztom polityki społecznej. Celem artykułu jest ocena, czy koszty państwa ponoszone na działalność redystrybucyjną, odnoszące się do sfery socjalnej, są wydatkowane efektywnie. Badanie efektywności wydatków państwa zostało przeprowadzone przy wykorzystaniu metody Data Envelopment Analysis.
EN
Nowadays, the role of government in shaping the country’s competitiveness is not limited only to supporting the development of innovation and human capital. It is increasingly important to run social policy, which is implemented in order to create the state not only competitive on the international stage, but also ensuring a high level of life. At the same time the main problem of the modern welfare state is to confront growing costs of social policy. The aim of this article is to assess whether the costs incurred for the state redistributive activities relating to social area, are spent effectively. Examination of the effectiveness of the state expenditures was conducted using the method of Data Envelopment Analysis.
PL
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest prezentacja i ocena rozwiązań jednego z kluczowych elementów systemu zabezpieczenia społecznego w Polsce – zaopatrzenia emerytalnego służb mundurowych, na tle rozwiązań funkcjonujących w ramach powszechnego systemu ubezpieczenia emerytalnego. W opracowaniu uwzględniono problematykę genezy i ewolucji owego zaopatrzenia, jego zakresu przedmiotowego oraz zasad organizacji i finansowania. Ukazano w nim także związki wskazanego systemu świadczeń z powszechnym systemem emerytalnym, a także odmienności, jakie występują pomiędzy tymi systemami. Dokonano także generalnej oceny rozwiązań w zakresie zaopatrzenia emerytalnego służb mundurowych po zmianach dokonanych przez ustawodawcę polskiego w tym zakresie w 2012 r.
EN
The aim of this study is to present solutions to one of the key elements of the social security system in Poland – retirement pension uniformed services, including its scope: 1) supply pension professional soldiers and their families, as well as 2) supply of pension services militarized and their families. The study takes into account the problems of the genesis and evolution of this supply, its scope, organization and financing. It also depicts the relationships of the system indicated the benefits of the general social security scheme, as well as the differences that exist between these systems. There has also been a general evaluation of solutions for retirement pension uniformed services after the changes made by the Polish legislature in this regard in 2012.
EN
In Norwegian legal system the model of employees security is typical and occurs on two levels. Accordingly to first, it’s provides the special employment protection, in the meantime the second guarantees the right to remuneration for illness period, as well as to benefit from the social security. The mentioned matters are governed by the following: the Act on Labour Law of 17 June 2005 and the Act on Benefits of Social Security of 28 February 1997. Both of them are analyzed by Authors. Act on Labour Law regulates the scope of the employment protection and conditions that allows the termination of the employment contract, while the Law on Benefits, provides the social security provisions, specifying the mode and the rules for the granting remuneration/allowances, periods of their payment and the workers entitled. An analysis of the provisions of Norwegian statutory regulations (taking into account the protection of employment contract during the illness) shows the restrictive solutions in this field. However, the employment protection against dismissals during the period of 12 months of illness, is not rigid, whereas the termination during the period of incapacity for work is permitted with applying the general conditions of the termination of employment contract. The special attention must be given to the institution of egenmelding, which must be understood as the specific employee’s entitlement for justified absence at work (due to illness) based on the principle of loyalty of the both parts of employment relationship.
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