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Pałac w Czesławicach – zabytek przywrócony

100%

Landecka H.

Ochrona Zabytków

2010

issue 1-4

17-26

Czesławice, a small village located near Nałęczów, in the Puławy Poviat, is known in the Lublin region for an extensive palace and park complex blended picturesquely into the natural valley. Thename (originally “Czasławice”) derives from the name of the Czasławski family – the first owners recorded in original documents as early as 1531. The exact location of the old manor house(made of wood, and later of brick) is not known. The plans from 1870 record the existence of an 18th-century brick manor house and a complex of farm buildings, whose construction can,in all likelihood, be dated back to the 1st half of the 19th century, as a part of Count Ludwik Małachowski’s investment activities. In 1886, Czesławice was purchased by Wacław Wernicki, an industrialist from Warsaw, who intended to build a mansion in a place ensuring good climatic conditions, healthy air and a beautiful landscape in order to restore his sick wife to health. Anotherreason for the choice of this location was the construction of the eastern section of the Vistula railway line with the Miłocin (later Nałęczów, presently Sadurki) railway station situated 3kmaway from Czesławice. The impressive palace in Czesławice was built to the south-east of the previous manor house. There is no evidence for the fact that the current manor house wasconverted from the brick manor house left by the previous owners; this has not been confirmed by architectural research conducted here in the years 1986 to 1987. The palace was probablyerected according to the design by Leonard Marconi as a new plan in a new place, adapted to the conditions of the land gently sloping towards the stream valley. The park wasdesignedby Walerian Kronnenberg – one of the most outstanding garden layout designers of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The total area of the complex, including the farm, was24ha. According to the Decree of the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN) of 6 September 1944 on the agricultural reform, the estate was taken over by the state and granted to the Higher College of Agriculture in 1955. The new owner started a thorough reconstruction of the palace. At the beginning of 1960, connecting passages and side wings were rebuilt, where thesecond usable storey was introduced in place of the mezzanine. New staircases were designed, ceilings and roofs were replaced, and partition walls, new holes, flues and air ducts wereintroduced, destroying the retained decorations on the ground floor level. At that time, the object had not yet been entered into the national register of historic monuments and was notprotected by the law, therefore the renovation was carried out without a conservation plan. The school never finished the repair works and did not clean the ponds, but due to financialdifficulties, it also failed to carry out its plans to build a boarding house in the park area. In the years 1987-1991, only some parts of the palace were used – in the southern wing, therewere offices, whereas other rooms were occupied by temporary users who did not care about the palace being a historic monument. In 1991, the Provincial Conservator of Monumentsordered the school to protect the palace and the retained elements of interior decor. This acted as a motivation to look for a new user. In June 1996, the palace and the 14 ha of thepark area and ponds were sold to Sp. z o.o. HERMES company based in Lublin. The apparent opportunity for the historic building turned out to be an utter disaster. Almost immediately,without any conservation or building permits, the company started works that led to a substantial devastation of the palace and the park within less than a year. A number ofspecimen trees were cut down, the palace roof covering was replaced and all external plasters were hacked off together with the details of façade decorations: cornices, trims, pilasters,rustications and portals all disappeared. Bare plain walls stripped off of plaster began to be lined with polystyrene foam. The conservation office suspended the works and notified theprosecutor’s office about the destruction of the historic monument. A new chapter in the history of the palace and park complex in Czesławice started only in August 2001, when it was sold toa new owner – Renata Grochowska, who, together with her husband, has been making every effort to save the building. The first actions of the new hosts have focused on the basic protection of the palace and the park. Details, interiors and decorations of the palace are being reconstructed on the basis of old designs and archival documentation. Gradually, but consistently, thepalace and the park in Czesławice are regaining their splendour. The intention of the owners is to recreate the residential character of the complex and make it available for cultural, touristand research purposes. Around 150 unique specimen of the park tree stand, which consists of more than 2,500 items of over 60 species, were classified as natural monuments subjectto protection. Steps are being taken to clean the ponds, to unclog drains, to renovate dykes and to plant lawns. After many years, the historic building is returning to its formermagnificence.

Dział Zabytków Architektury i Urbanistyki ODZ

100%

Maliszewski P., Andrulewicz H., Łotysz A.

Ochrona Zabytków

1971

issue 4

234-244

As the tasks carried by this Division may be listed the following: a programmed gathering of documentations pertaining to monuments of architecture, building art and townplanning‘with a particular stress laid on the protection and conservation problems, their systematizing and making accessible to those interested. All the work is aimed at setting as complete as possible lists of monuments throughout the country at the same time applying the appraisal methods and preparing the detailed elaboration of selected problems. The range of materials gathered required the splitting of Division into three sections, namely that of Architecture and Building Art, Townplanning and the Photograpic Archive. In the Architecture and Building Art Section a card- index is available of architectural and building monuments existing on the whole territory of the country, comprising some 40,000 cards filed with the basic data for each object, its photographs and plan. This card- index was founded in the late 50’s under supervision of the Board of Museums and Historical Monuments Preservation and then in l©67-69 some improvements and supplementations have been introduced. At present the eard-index is being revised to contain the up-to-date data. The need to cover the most valuable monumental objects with the conservator’s protection had led in 1©6Д to verification of monuments which bas been carried out by the Board of Museums and Historical Monuments Preservation. As the result of that vérificative action in 1904 the „List of Architectural and Building Art Monuments in Poland” has been prepared by the Historical Monuments Documentation Centre forming a register, in principle, comprising all the monuments with their detailed locations classified into five evaluating groups. The above list in the course of recent years has been subjected to some corrections and extended due to the required alterations actualizing the list of objects and also some evaluating groups. Works have already been undertaken to prepare new edition titled „The Architectural and Building Art Monuments in Poland” in a changed arrangement and publishing forms (the separate volumes covering voivodships’ areas). Also the detailed data pertaining to individual objects have been extended. Up to now volumes covering the Białystok and Koszalin voivodships have left the printing press while the remaining are still in print or under preparation. The Section’s .collection comprises also the copies of some 10,000 conservators’ decisions qualifying the objects as historical monuments and covering monuments of ancient townplanning, those of architecture and building, parks, gardens and archaeological sites as well as an archive of inventory surveys totalling at present to some 200 items. In addition to the current works it is planned to execute an abbreviated list of parks and gardens, to undertake the preparation of detailed works devoted to monuments grouped chronologically or according to subjects and in the further future also to prepare the list of ancient timber buildings. The Townplanning Section has gathered a collection of 400 „Historical and Townplanning Studies” forming detailed documentation for conservators and covering the town quarters. The above .studies were executed by the State Ateliers for Historical Monument Conservation within the period of 1953.—'1970. This collection has been extended by TO new studies made to orders given by the Centre and it is planned to supplement it in the future. (In 1982-63 an abbreviated roll has been prepared of ancient towns resulting in 1;2|64 pieces of abbreviated documentations covering the same number of localities. In 1966—.1(970 a wide action was carried out with the aim to gather a collection of the bird’s eye views of several towns enabling to illustrate the present state of preservation of ancient townplanning systems. Thus, the Section achieved some 5,000 bird’s eye view photographs with respective negatives for some 700 localities exhibiting the greatest values of their architectural sites. In 1968 works were started at preparation of a .series titled „The Ancient Townplanning Systems in Poland”. The objective of that publication consists in giving an outline as to importance of tasks at the same time furnishing general foundations for the conservation policies with regard to protection of ancient townplannig systems. As the result of a draft classification of ancient townplannig systems it is planned to comprise some 500 towns with this publication. Photographic Archive. The tasks of this collection consist in gathering, preparing and making accessible the photographic documentation for monuments coming from all fields cf art in Poland, thus this section may be considered as one auxiliary for all the Centre’s Divisions; at present the stock gathered within this collection amounts to some 79,000 photographs and about 39,000 negatives. The collection was originally one with its stock growing in a fairly accidental manner, then considerable quantities of photographs were being purchased illustrating as great as possible numbers of monuments and particularly of those lesser known. • At present a principle has been adopted to plan the monographic documentations for individual objects or monumental groupings, taking into view the architecture, architectural detail, fittings and s.o., by purchasing the photographs only with accompanying 6 X 6 cm negatives. As a particularly valuable part ox the photographs collection should be mentioned here the unique .sets of photographs having the value of historic source material.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 2010

1 1971

1 Andrulewicz H.

1 Landecka H.

1 Maliszewski P.

1 Łotysz A.

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Pałac w Czesławicach – zabytek przywrócony

Dział Zabytków Architektury i Urbanistyki ODZ