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Die Transzendenz als bestimmendes Merkmal der Person in der Anthropologie und der Pädagogik Johannes Pauls II.

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Stala J.
The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 1
PL
John Paul II in his magisterial writings and papal teaching many times referred to the human being, whom he presented in a personal category. At the same time insisted that the major problem of modern civilization is a the wrong anthropology, which denies the spiritual dimension of human being. This wrong approach brings in consequences an instrumental treatment and disgraced human dignity. The human being as a person has the special value that should be affirmed for his own sake, not for any other reason. The human as a being made in the image and likeness of God has a dignity of the person. John Paul II insists that a capacity for relationship with God is of the very essence of human being. God’s invitation to a shared life is a gratuitous, unmerited gift to man who from the beginning was made capax Dei. In these reflections, John Paul II offers many insights about the nature of human identity and dignity. The relationship between human being and God is a guarantee of his dignity. For this reason, anthropology cannot keep only on what is immanent in human being, but applies also to the transcendence. Anthropology disconnected from the transcendent becomes something deeply inhuman. Depriving humanity of its most important dimension also deprives it from its full personal dynamism. Therefore, it appears appropriate to take in this article the issue of transcendence of the person, which is the foundation of anthropology and pedagogy presented by Pope John Paul II. Firstly, the need for portraying the human person as physical and spiritual being will be argued for presented. Then the paper will study the genealogy of humans in communion with the family. In the last part, the marriage as a community of man and woman will be discussed.
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A human being after Auschwitz and Gulag or How to Interrogate about a Human Being

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Smirnov S.
Our Europe. Ethnography – Ethnology – Anthropology of Culture
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2015
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issue Vol. 4
95-108
EN
The paper focuses on possibility and problematicity of modern interrogation about a human being. Problematicity emerges as a man is put in a situation called “after Auschwitz”, which is described with the categories of irreducibility (irreducibility of experience, means of self-determination). It is shown that the cultural form of representing such ultimate experience is testimony, which itself problematizes after Auschwitz. Precedents of such testimonies are described with examples of the works by Primo Levi and Varlam Shalamov. The author reveals the principal difference in the answers given by witnesses and the answers offered by interpreters such as contemporary philosophers. An attempt is made to substantiate that the modern experience of philosophizing about a human being – the modern anthropology – has to reject traditional efforts to determine a human being as “thing existent” or find some determinant essence. It is due to the situation “after Auschwitz” that questions all previous methods of human thinking. Moreover, a modern person increasingly chooses the so-called withdrawal scenario for a human being, rejection of actual social life in favour of imitating life and generating simulacrums, withdrawal to the virtual reality. The author takes a provocative example of Jean Baudrillard, who showed that the entire contemporary creative work of human beings is reduced to generating simulacrums – empty, meaningless signs. The latter becomes a popular trend obtaining a mass character. In response to this withdrawal trend the author proposes a different scenario: an anthropological alternative in the form of anthropological practices of self-determination and testimonies about such anthropological practices.
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