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EN
In this article the author attempts to present an idea that entrepreneurship understood as abilities and skills, which shape new organizational reality, flexibility and risk tolerance are the essential factors that create a leadership relationship. It is assumed that there is a relationship between entrepreneurship and organizational leadership. A leader is not an obedient performer of tasks but a creator of new activities and relationships. Entrepreneurship is treated in the accepted sense as learned skills and abilities in the process of cultural inheritance of attitudes and behavior patterns existing in family, neighborhood, places in society and environment. Hence, in the article the author attempts to outline the path from entrepreneurial attitudes and behavior observed in childhood to act in the same manner in adulthood, including influencing the actions of associates in the workplace which exist in the Polish society.
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2019
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vol. 48
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issue 121
5-17
EN
The subject of the research of this elaboration are strategic maturity desiderata of the corporate capability of manufacturing enterprises operating in the agricultural machinery sector. The vital goal of this study is to determine the level of partial (functional) maturities constituting the strategic capability of the investigated enterprises. Achieving the main objective required the formulation and implementation of partial goals, which were applied to outline: nomination of desiderata determining strategic maturity (literature query), compilation of the research model in the form of an assessment sheet (literature exploration and expert research) and recognition of the level of strategic maturity among manufacturers of the agricultural machinery sector (theoretical model validation). The considerations contained in the paper are embedded in social sciences, and more specifically; in the field of management and quality sciences.
EN
The paper focuses on the issue of special gifts of individuals with dyslex-ia. Many authors suggest that specific learning disabilities, like dyslexia, are connected with talents. Most often they point to the high level of vis-ual and spatial abilities. Unfortunately, the analysis of the findings of the available research shows that there is insufficient evidence that dyslexics are more creative and gifted than other people.
EN
The aim of this study is to present the Faculty of Law Enforcement of the National University of Public Service and the admission process awaiting the members of generation Z – and within it, those who wish to apply for officer cadet status – as well as the drop-out rates and their causes following successful admission, and also the prerequisite base competences expected within the framework of public service and in law enforcement. The young applicants admitted to the Faculty of Law Enforcement are supposed to represent a significant proportion of the future reinforcement of the professional service personnel, thus the member of generation Z not only stand at the gates of higher education but at the gates of the law enforcement labour market, too. Through our study, we would like to highlight the correlations emerging between the competence-based expectations of the law enforcement organs from the young career starters and the university admission process as well as the individual wishes of the applicants, and the level of contrast or synergy of the physical and intellectual status of the students in this matter. From this perspective, the question may arise whether it is necessary to implement any changes in the set of conditions, expectations or attitudes regarding the higher educational training or in the starting phase of the law enforcement career path.
EN
Media play an important role in social and personal life. They affect opinion forming, promote trends and shape skills and attitudes. Their impact is enormous. Media can have both positive and negative influence, as they are addressed to adults and young people, whose opinions and characters have not yet crystallised. Thus the question about the extent to which the media shape abilities pertaining to the recognition of individual educational needs and learning, which is “(…) the foundation for success at school, in continuing education and in professional life.” Results of research conducted among lower secondary school students provide answers to these questions.
EN
This article focuses on the analysis of the current state of the key competence development of adults in Lithuania. The following key competences are analysed: communication in native tongues and foreign languages, development of cultural awareness, entrepreneurship, application of information society technologies, and learning to learn. The research involved analysis of the definition and role of the key competences, discussing their typologies and revealing the preconditions, factors and approaches to the development of the key competences. Results of the quantitative survey involving 6992 adult respondents in Lithuania showed that the key competences are important for the majority of the research sample in their social, work and personal life. Individualised ways of key competence development are applied more frequently than collective ways. Key competence development is mostly enhanced by personal needs (work, wish of development and self-realization) and support of the family. The most frequently mentioned obstacles to the development of key competences are lack of financial resources and expensive training services.
EN
The article deals with theoretical and methodical aspects of the influence of free education on the development of creative abilities of children of the 6th year of life. The pedagogical conditions for the development of artistic creativity in children of the 6th year of life are determined and substantiated. The complex of classes for children of the 6th year of life is represented on the basis of a free choice of visual tasks, and the effectiveness of their influence on the development of artistic creativity of children has been experimentally tested. Classes are based on the age and individual characteristics of children based on the integration of different types of visual activities, different techniques and methods of image.
EN
The aim of the thesis is to draw attention to issues related to gifted students, their needs and problems at school. The author reflects on the ways of satisfying the needs of a gifted student in the classroom. A gifted student is a person with special educational needs. Teachers in schools, which should take care of the development of each individual, often leave gifted students without assistance, as they believe that they will manage on their own. The author shows fragments of the Polish educational reality of gifted students.
EN
The purpose of the article is a presentation of the work of the laboratory of students’ abilities development at Gorlovka Institute for Foreign Languages. One of the main wealth of the Ukrainian society is its intellectual potential, especially young people who can realize their creativity and professional opportunities. For the development of future talent it is necessary to create a higher education system, which could be conductive to diagnosis and support of young people, development and realization of their abilities, stimulating creative work of teachers and students, intensification of scientific work with youth, formation of teachers and scientists. To meet this purpose the laboratory of students’ abilities was established in Gorlovka Institute for Foreign Languages, whose task is to study and create the best educational environment for the development of gifted students’ skills. To diagnose the level of language, leadership, creative and pedagogical skills special psychological methods were used, aimed at: identifying gifted and talented students; creating conditions for realization of individual creative abilities of future teachers; creating an appropriate atmosphere for the development of personal individual potential and cognitive abilities in a free choice condition; as well as the possibility of individual adapting in social and cultural sphere.
EN
The concepts of sustainability and sustainability competence are controversial, complex, difficult to define and measure, and have varied meanings for different people and practices. Given the complex nature of sustainability, there is limited availability of paradigmatic frameworks to guide educators in assessing sustainability competencies. This paper introduces the Dispositions, Abilities and Behaviours (DAB) framework, which influenced the design of an intervention in 2013-2014 that profiled sustainability competencies among final year undergraduate students in a higher education institution. The results of the mixed methods study indicate that the DAB framework has good potential as a guide to educators or researchers in understanding and profiling sustainability- related abilities, attitudes and actions (areas of performance) of cohorts of students within higher education settings.
EN
The article deals with studying the process of forming physical education teachers’ pedagogical mastery in the context of native and foreign scholars’ views. It has been indicated that the problem of pedagogical activity and pedagogical mastery efficiency has been raised in the works of a number of scholars who developed the principles and criteria of such activity. Thus, such native pedagogues as D. Dmytrenko, S. Krysyuk, I. Maslikova V. Putsov, A. Volovychenko studied the organization and evaluation of pedagogical and methodical work of teachers as well as the measuring of teaching management effectiveness. We have concluded that the forming of future physical education teachers’ pedagogical mastery should include the analysis of the education content (syllabi; general, psychological and pedagogical, special subjects; their comparison and volume, etc.) and the study of future physical education teachers’ personality. It is based on the use of general approaches, namely, historical, theoretical and descriptive, experimental, qualimetric (sociological) and is carried out within the diagnosis of a more general concept – a level of professional training (professional competence, the ability to obtain and generate new knowledge, to creatively solve pedagogical problems).
EN
According to the last population census in Slovakia (in 2021), senior citizens, or people over 65 years of age make up 17% of the total population of Slovakia. Despite this, we cannot consider seniors, or those of the age of 65 and older inactive or completely unproductive, considering that this is not only a consequence of the aging of the population, but to a large extent the growth of the average life expectancy of people in our society. Many seniors, or people in the post-productive age in this period of life still or occasionally work, maintain contact with family and acquaintances or even actively participate in civic life. In this regard, we therefore consider it important to pay attention to the level of media literacy of seniors who, more or less, use media and digital technologies in their lives and are thus exposed to their positive and negative effects. Although education in the field of media education mainly focuses on children and youth, it is necessary to realise that our society is created, shaped and decided by adults of productive and post-productive age. The goal of our study is therefore to map the current state of media literacy of Slovak seniors in the area of their user skills and communication skills related to the use of media and digital technologies, and their ability to critically understand. We therefore monitor the state of knowledge about the media and a critical view of them, the ability to critically analyse media content and the practical skills of seniors in relation to the media. The presented study reflects the results of quantitative research carried out on a representative sample of Slovak seniors using the questionnaire method. The result of the study is the relevant conclusions resulting from the empirical investigation and a summary of proposed recommendations for improving the current situation.
EN
Developing students’ abilities and talents is both a task and a challenge of modern education. This issue is particularly important for students at risk of social maladjustment, because building on the potential possessed by these young people can lead to their faster socialization. The paper presented here defines the term “abilities” and the spectrum of abilities distinguished by Janina Uszynska-Jarmoc, Beata Kutnar and Jerzy Mantur is shown. The fallowing section present ways to develop particular types of abilities of the charges of the Młodzieżowy Ośrodek Socjoterapii w Solcu nad Wisłą were presented.
PL
Rozwijanie zdolności i uzdolnień uczniów jest zarówno zadaniem, jak i wyzwaniem współczesnej edukacji. Kwestia ta jest szczególnie ważna dla uczniów zagrożonych niedostosowaniem społecznym, ponieważ bazowanie na potencjale posiadanym przez tych młodych ludzi może prowadzić do ich szybszego uspołecznienia. W artykule zdefiniowano termin „zdolność” oraz ukazano spektrum zdolności wyróżnionych przez Janinę Uszyńską-Jarmoc, Beatę Kunat i Jerzego Mantura. W dalszej części zaprezentowano sposoby rozwijania poszczególnych rodzajów zdolności wychowanków Młodzieżowego Ośrodka Socjoterapii w Solcu nad Wisłą.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problematykę uzdolnień dzieci w wieku przedszkolnych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań i analizy literatury przedmiotu omówiono zagadnienia związane z rozwojem uzdolnień przedszkolaków. Przedstawiono najczęściej obserwowane uzdolnienia, ich diagnozę oraz sposoby wsparcia dziecka uzdolnionego. Podkreślono konieczność współpracy rodziców i placówki przedszkolnej. Zwrócono uwagę na trudności, z jakimi borykają się rodzice dzieci uzdol-nionych. Wnioski oraz praktyczne rady i wskazówki wynikające z badań i analizy literatury przedmiotu mogą być wykorzystane w praktyce pedagogicznej, aby stymulować rozwój dziecięcych uzdolnień.
EN
The article addresses the issue of the giftedness of preschool children. Based on research and literature analysis, issues related to the development of preschoolers’ talents were discussed. The most frequently observed aptitudes, their diagnosis and ways of supporting a gifted child are presented. The necessity of cooperation between parents and the kindergarten was emphasized. Attention was paid to the difficulties faced by parents of gifted children. The conclusions, practical advice and tips resulting from the research and analysis of the literature on the subject can be used in pedagogical practice to stimulate the development of children’s talents.
EN
The article is focused on the structural-semantic characteristics of sentences expressing abilities and talent in Polish and Russian languages. Basing on the theory of G. Zolotova the author aims to differentiate between iso-semic and non iso-semic syntactic models. The examples for the analysis were taken from Polish and Russian languages corpora and from internet websites.
XX
Настоящая статья посвящена сруктурно-семантической характеристике предложений, выражающих способности и талант в польском и русском языках. Автор пытается выделить изосемические и неизосемическине синтаксические модели, опираясь на лингвистическую теорию Г. Золотовой. Примеры для анализа взяты из национальных корпусов польского и русского языков и веб-сайтов.
EN
The article defines the essence of the concept “professional properties of the musical art teachers” through the study and analysis of documents, psychological and pedagogical literature on the research problem, the integration and concretization. Based on the study and analysis of the relevant definitions in the research literature, it was figured out that the properties of the professional teachers of musical art are defined as professionally significant personal characteristics, which determine the characteristics of his/her musical and educational activities. These properties determine the social demands of the teacher-musician in the form of certain functions, abilities, knowledge, skills, personal and professional qualities (features) and focus to professional activities. We marked out organizational and structural, targeted and others functions. Basic abilities are musical, academical, didactical, communicative, organizational, gnostic, prognostic, perceptional, constructional, leadership, creative and expression. Basic knowledge and skills are cultural, musical and pedagogical, psychological, methodological, music theory, music performance. The list is continued by pedagogical, gnostic, communicative and motor skills; professionally significant and personal features and focus on the practical implementation of the educational potential of music education of children, maintaining the image of teachers, the prestige of the profession, for the professional and personal self-improvement. Identified and described the main professionally significant features (love of musical-pedagogical activity, professional competence, musicality, communication skills, musical and pedagogical thinking) and personal features (general erudition and culture, humanity, love for children, creativity, self-improvement) of the future musical art teachers. Thus, the study created the basis to define the organizational and pedagogical conditions of formation of the most important professional properties of the future teachers of musical art and also to develop on their basis the suitable model which is the prospect of further scientific studies.
EN
The author takes up the position that training of competent teachers requires taking into account their ability and talent. The article, by means of theoretical teaching research methods, reveals the essence of the "musically gifted student" concept. Nature of musical talent has been established and talent manifestations peculiarities in musically gifted students have been considered according to various authors. The author believes a musically gifted student to be a personality possessing a higher level of musical abilities, accompanied by high achievements in musical activities, and requires appropriate conditions for their development and manifestation, as well as a special curriculum. Nature of musical abilities and talent is seen as an innate feature of a personality that is developed and manifested in its activity, and is a necessary condition for its success. Peculiarities of talent manifestations in musically gifted students are considered in a different way by every scholar. However, the best list of proper personality features, according to Vasilyeva N. V. is suggested by Poluboyaryna I. I., because it takes into account the specific nature of musical activity. Thus, the author says that musically gifted students are distinguished by motivated and creative orientation and activity, desire for self-education, need for appreciation of their own activities, communicativeness, creative abilities, etc. The outlined material will assist teachers in searching new approaches to organizing the academic process for musically gifted students of teachers training universities. Taking into account the specific nature of musical activities and peculiar features of musically talented students will improve the professional training of future teachers. In her further activity, the author intends to follow the above mentioned positions and, basing on the essence of "creativity" and "Music academic activity" concepts, direct her attention to the peculiarities of music and academic creativity of musically gifted students at teachers training universities.
EN
The urgent priority issue of teaching any foreign language, including Turkish, is the problem of developing an effective system of training exercises as the correct choice of means and methods depends on the effectiveness of the learning process. Thus, one of the most important aspects of teaching any foreign language is mastering the skills of monologue speech, because in order to communicate and express the thoughts in a foreign language, the one who says, should be aware of the full contents of the views freely and be able to build the actual content of the statements or multiple statements in series. So, to teach to express thoughts in a monologue form is one of the main practical purposes of teaching a foreign language. The relevance of the article is due to the needs to determine effective ways of teaching the University Students Turkish monologue speech at the initial stage. The aim of this article is to propose and describe the subsystem of exercises for teaching the University Students Turkish monologue speech at the initial stage. The article is devoted to the questions of teaching Turkish monologue speech as a kind of foreign language activities. It deals with the stages of formation of speaking skills of the junior students using verbal visual materials. In particular, the ways of forming abilities and skills of Turkish monologue speech are analyzed; the examples of exercises for mastering grammatical and lexical material and developing Turkish monologue speech are presented. There are examples of exercises using different types of visual materials in the article. The main task at the initial stage is the formation of a communicative nucleus or the fundamental skills of foreign language communication. That is why the system of exercises should focus on mastering those operations linguistic material needed for understanding and expression in Turkish. The exercises should meet certain requirements: be feasible by volume (including scaling up problems: speech material conditions of performance and the nature of language activities); attract different types of memory, perception and thought; be focused and motivated; enhance cognitive and mental activities of the students; contain the most common life examples and situations of communication.
EN
The aim of the article is to emphasis the results of theoretical analysis of the problem of abilities and their development in psychological-pedagogical research works. The beginning of scientific research of abilities dates back to the XIX century and is connected with the names of F. Galton, J. Cattel, A. Binet and others. In the beginning of the XX century various theories of intellect appear: bifactor model of intellect by C. Spearman, multifactor theory by L. Thurstone, hierarchical model of intellect by R. Cattel. The counterbalance of multifactor concepts make up one-dimensional models (H. Eysenck). Three most known system theories of abilities in the modern times are a bio-ecological model by S. Cesi, the theory of multiple intellects by H. Gardner and the theory of successful intellect by R. Sternberg. In the second half of the XX century in the foreign psychology biological and cognitive approaches begin to develop. In the domestic science before the beginning of the XX century the research of abilities was at the same level with world science. From the point of view of uncontrolled and massive borrowing and use of «western» concepts of abilities, in 1936 by the decision of the government there was put a ban and scientific researches were stopped. Fundamental developments are started in the 40s of the XX century and are connected with the names of S. Rubinstein, B. Teplov, B. Ananyiev, O. Leontiev, V. Miasischev and others. The biggest spread and recognition was gained by the definition of abilities by B. Teplov as those of individually-psychological specificities which distinguish one person from the other. For contemporary state of research of the abilities problem the distinctive system approach is the one from the position of functional systems (V. Shadrikov). In the modern world the problem of abilities of people is gaining a new topicality and a new meaning in the context of meritocratic education, aimed at the early exposure and creating a special system of education for children with signs of academic, intellectual and social abilities and talent. The subject of the further research is justification of methodological approaches to the problem of improving the readiness of primary school teachers to work with gifted pupils.
EN
According to the results of leading American scientists that convincingly demonstrate the effectiveness and necessity of early foreign language learning the features of teaching foreign languages at elementary level in the United States have been analyzed. It has been found out that the US government is working on the improvement of foreign language at elementary education all over the country. The attention is paid the languages that were not so popular, and now have obtained the status of “extremely necessary”, such as Arabic, Farsi and Russian, as they have become very important for the future participation of the state in world politics. The requirements for programs development of foreign language for elementary school have been described; such aspects as quantity of classes, curriculum project, teaching materials, teaching staff and knowledge of the students, the choice of languages, coordination and efficiency are taken into consideration. The short description of the content of foreign language teaching of elementary education has been presented. It has been indicated that success in foreign language learning as a device of foreign language communication depends on the level of listening, lexical, grammatical and spelling skills, as well as the abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing, which are defined in the program for elementary school.
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