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1

Contextualizing Universal Theory of Acronym Formation in Kiswahili acronyms

100%

Bichwa S. S.

Studies in African Languages and Cultures

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2021

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issue 55

111-138

EN

In controlling and managing knowledge there is need of a tool that ensures such management. Theories, principles and rules are the right tools for knowledge management (cf. Mkude 2008: 158). There has been so far only one theory known to the present researcher, which is UTAF (Zahariev 2004). This study evaluates the applicability of Universal Theory of Acronym Formation (UTAF) to Bantu languages drawing data from Kiswahili since the UTAF was developed based on European, Asian and Middle East languages[1]and, hence, in real sense, its founder did not include any acronymic data from any African or Bantu languages. The theory was developed in 2004 by Zahariev arguing that, it is the first theory accounting for acronyms and for all human languages. To my knowledge, this claim has never been tested with any of Bantu languages, which this study intends to look after. Testing this theory in Kiswahili, a Bantu language, will stimulate further insightful studies on acronyms in other Bantu languages. [1] European languages involved are English, Spanish, French, German, Finnish, Italian, Hungarian, Romanian, Russian, Bulgarian and Romanian; Middle East languages involved are Hebrew, Arabic and Farsi; Asian languages involved are Chinese and Japanese.

2

Realización fonética de las formaciones siglares en español y polaco

88%

Wicherek M.

Studia Iberystyczne

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2011

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vol. 10

165-173

EN

The purpose of the present article is to present different types of the phonetic realization of abbreviations which function contemporarily in Spanish and Polish. These constructions are special linguistic elements because their graphics are accepted in spite of phonetic and orthographic breakings of patterns of any language. Because of this fact, the pronunciation is one of the most important problems concerning this phenomenon. The main emphasis of the article is put on the presentation of the typology of abbreviations: a distinction is carried out between the elements which can be pronounced as one word and these which, on the other hand, are spelled out. Furthermore, the different solutions of phonetic realizations of borrowed abbreviations in Polish and Spanish are presented.

3

Les sigles français et polonais : entre noms propres et noms communs. L’impact de la valeur sémantique des sigles sur leur traduction

87%

Lajus D.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2019

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vol. 46

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issue 1

97-113

EN

Acronyms are lexical units that have been thoroughly explored in terms of their morphology or pronunciation. However, their semantic value has not been entirely determined yet. The present paper aims at investigating the manner in which a semantic value of an acronym, and particularly a difference between proper and common acronyms, influences techniques applied to translating them. In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, on the basis of the cognitive theory of proper names, the authors have distinguished Polish and French acronyms being ergonyms as well as acronyms belonging to proper names and these designating item classification. The paper concerns the analysis of both Polish and French translations of ergonyms in foreign language press and French common acronyms in the Polish press. The performed analysis allows observing a tendency towards transferring acronymsergonyms that play the role of a rigid designator rather than full names in the target text. By contrast, the techniques of translating common acronyms differ, depending on whether they designate phenomena typical of the source culture or universal ones.

4

АБРЕВІАЦІЯ В СУЧАСНІЙ АНГЛІЙСЬКІЙ МОВІ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВЖИВАННЯ АБРЕВІАТУР ГАЛУЗІ ОСВІТИ

63%

Павлюк В.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2014

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issue 8(42)

145-151

EN

The phenomenon of abbreviations as a linguistic tendency of modern epoch is highlighted in the article; the works of leading scientists in the sphere of English abbreviations are analyzed; the essence of the concept «abbreviation» is defined, the abbreviation types of modern English are exploded and their examples are given; the specific peculiarities of education abbreviations and explanation of their significance in the system of foreign and domestic education are analyzed; the importance of abbreviations’ meaning understanding of educational qualification levels is stressed. The leading scientists in the sphere of lexicology pay much attention to the problems of the use of abbreviations in modern speech. So M. Segal argues that the abbreviations are laid in the minds easier than regular words and focuses on the results of experimental studies related to the informative parts of words. These experiments conducted by psychologists have found that the initial components reflected in the words of consciousness and memory are easier than the final part. The value of emphasis on the first part stressed, especially when both the root stock, naturally much higher than those words with final unstressed syllables. Our epoch is time of active abbreviation. A modern language situation is characterized by aspiring of abbreviations’ usage in all its fields. The formation of new abbreviations in English have become the permanent phenomenon, which is constantly developing and improving. The amount of abbreviations of all types grows; this process is noticed by many researchers. Undoubtedly, the role of abbreviation in language consciousness of modern society is extraordinarily important, for this reason it is worth talking about the future of this word-formation. At the terms of world globalization abbreviations of educational sphere develop and spread, especially it touches scientific degrees, that are important for home science, and emulate the standard of a grant to the students, the post graduate students, the candidates and the doctors of sciences in the conditions of the European standard in recent years. The difference in the educational systems of Ukraine and European countries often does impossible understanding of scientific degree abbreviations in consciousness of the Ukrainian society. Abbreviations education is an integral part of the lives of people who are learning today. Awareness of the importance of science degree is an important component in the systems of foreign and domestic education.

5

O ČEZu, UNESCU a Ikee. Psaní iniciálových zkratkových slov a tendence k jejich skloňování

63%

Dufek O.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2016

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vol. 99

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issue 5

256-268

EN

The article is concerned with the graphic aspect of acronym usage in standard written Czech. It focuses on the abbreviations which can be pronounced not only when spelled out, but also as a single unit. The survey examines the competition of various acronyms’ declension forms in particular case positions, both in the case of abbreviations ending with a consonant (type ČEZ) and those ending with a vowel (types UNESCO and IKEA) for which contemporary handbooks and linguistic description allow the addition of case endings only in spoken Czech. The study shows that some types of acronyms also tend to be declined in standard written Czech contexts and analyzes the tension between preserving the abbreviation’s graphic integrity and treating it as an ordinary word written in lower case form. The results lead to the adjustment of some existing statements on acronyms.

6

ON SOME PROPERTIES OF ACRONYMS USED IN KOREAN

51%

Borowiak A.

International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences

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2016

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vol. 2

123-156

PL

Proces abrewiacji w języku koreańskim dotyczy zarówno jednostek leksykalnych, jak i gramatycznych (por. Borowiak, 2015). Niniejszy artykuł skupia się jednak tylko na jednym rodzaju tych pierwszych, a mianowicie na akronimach. Wspomniane formacje powstają w procesie językowym, który można nazwać akronimizacją i są wygodnym środkiem ekspresji szeroko stosowanym w różnych dziedzinach współczesnej cywilizacji, takich jak nauka i technika, ekonomia, życie publiczne, media, marketing itp. Pomimo swej niezaprzeczalnej popularności, zagadnieniu akronimologii poświęca się w literaturze przedmiotu stosunkowo niewiele uwagi. Wynika to zapewne z faktu, iż koncentruje się ona głównie na słowotwórstwie, opartym na analizie morfemów jako jednostek składowych i w związku z tym bagatelizuje akronimy, traktując je jako nieprzewidywalne „innowacje, nieoparte na regułach” (por. Bauer, 2001). Jednakże, jak wskazuje Szadyko (1997: 127), wiek XX należy do akronimów, dlatego też temat ten zasługuje na zdecydowanie większą uwagę. Celem niniejszej pracy jest wskazanie, przeanalizowanie oraz sklasyfikowanie akronimów używanych w języku koreańskim. Abrewiacje tego właśnie typu, choć rzadko i raczej pobieżnie omawiane w publikacjach poświęconych koreańskiemu słowotwórstwu, w języku koreańskim bardzo często występują. Biorąc pod uwagę ich liczbę oraz różnorodność, podjęto próbę sklasyfikowania ich na podstawie takich kryteriów, jak: pochodzenie, obszar zastosowania, rozpoznawalność, sposób tworzenia, forma grafemiczna oraz rodzaj elementów składowych.

KO

한국어에서의 축약 과정은 각각 어휘적인 단위와 문법적인 단위에 의해서 이루어진다 (Borowiak 2015 참조). 그러나 본 연구는 전자의 방법 중 하나인 두문자어(acronym)에만 초점을 맞춘다. 논의하고자 하는 어휘적인 단위의 축약은 두문자화(頭文字化, acronymization)라고 명명 할 수 있는 언어 과정에 의해 형성되며, 현대 사회의 여러 분야, 즉 과학과 기술, 경제와 공적 생활, 대중매체, 마케팅 등의 분야에서 불가결하고 편리한 표현 수단으로 사용된다. 이러한 두문자어의 부정할 수 없는 대중성에도 불구하고 두문자론(頭文字論, acronymology)의 주제는 대체로 형태소에 중심을 두는 조어법에 있어서 상대적으로 적은 관심을 받고 있다. 또한 두문자어를 예측이 불가한 '비규칙적으로 규정된 혁신'(Bauer 2001 참조)으로 여기고 경시한다. 그러나 Szadyko (1997:127)가 지적한 바와 같이 '20세기는 두문자어의 세기이다.' 따라서 이 분야의 연구에 더욱 주목할 만한 가치가 있음을 밝힌다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국어에서 사용되는 두문자어를 찾아내고,분석·분류하는데에 있다. 본고에서는 매우 드물고 간략하게만 다루어지는 이 독특한 형태의 축약형이 실제로는 한국어에 수적으로 대단히 많이 존재함을 제시하고자 한다. 그리하여 두문자어의 수와 다양성을 염두에 두고 어원, 사용 분야, 어휘적인 의미와 친숙함, 형성 방법,서기소(書記素)의 형태 및 구성요소의 특성에 따른 분류를 시도할 것이다.

EN

Abbreviation process in Korean applies to both lexical and grammatical units (cf. Borowiak 2015). This article however focuses only on one type of the former, namely acronyms. The formations in question are created in the lingual process, which could be called acronymization and are a convenient means of expression widely used in various fields of contemporary civilization such as science and technology, economy and public life, media, marketing etc. Despite their undeniable popularity the subject of acronymology is given relatively little attention in relevant literature, which concentrates mainly on morpheme-based word-formation and thus downplays acronyms as being e.g. unpredictable ‘non-rule governed innovations’ (cf. Bauer 2001). The 20th century however, as Szadyko (1997: 127) points out, belongs to acronyms – that is why the subject definitely deserves more attention. The aim of this article is to identify, analyze and classify acronyms used in Korean. Abbreviations of this particular type, as this paper will attempt to show, although rarely and rather briefly discussed, are in fact extremely numerous in Korean language. Taking into consideration their number and variety the attempt to classify them according to origin, fields of usage, lexical meaning and familiarity, the method of formation, graphemic form and the type of founding constituents is made.

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1 International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences

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1 Bichwa S. S.

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