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1

Spruchbänder der Fußballfans im Lichte der Sprechakttheorie

100%

Michalska P.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2021

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issue 19

409-422

EN

This article is part of the research on football linguistics. Its goal is to analyse and compare the banners appearing in German and Polish football stadiums in the light of speech act theory. The aim is to show that not only football matches take place in a football stadium, but also social or political concerns are addressed and processed. The following questions serve as a criterion for the analysis: In which aspects are the German and Polish banners similar? What are the differences between them? With what linguistic intention do the authors of these texts act and how should they be classified according to the emotional charge? After the theoretical introduction, which briefly describes the conceptual foundations of text linguistics and refers to football and its language, the analysis of the collected corpus is presented. The corpus consists first and foremost of texts published on banners, transcribed according to the original spelling, as well as precise details of the respective matches. One or more speech act types are assigned to each text, although their number is limited to 26. The assignment is based on Searle’s speech act theory. Furthermore, each text is evaluated axiologically. For this, in most cases it is indispensable to know the exact context in which the banner is embedded, and the vocabulary and the addressee group also play an important role. The results of the analysis are summarised numerically. Their discussion is rounded off by conclusions which refer, among other things, to the fact that the language of football fans is very masculine in character, direct, sometimes vulgar and brutal. In the stands, the collective clearly stands above the individual. However, values such as dignity, honour and respect also come to the fore. This analysis is not only a linguistic examination of a linguistic phenomenon, but also an overview of a diverse and multifaceted culture that is part of society.

2

Forms of Address and their Meaning in Contrast in Polish and Russian Languages

63%

Sosnowski W.

Cognitive Studies

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2013

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issue 13

EN

Forms of Address and their Meaning in Contrast in Polish and Russian LanguagesMany studies in contemporary linguistics focus on investigating politeness and rudeness in language. This paper, however, has not been intended as a contrastive study of the phenomena in question. Language politeness and rudeness are conveyed by means of expressions of politeness and rudeness which are perceived as entrenched and recurring in specific situations. These expressions convey the expected meaning of politeness and rudeness accepted in the model of social behaviour. If one uses the explicative method such expressions could be reduced to the following formula ‘I inform you that I follow a verbal conduct defined as polite’. Owing to the emergence of parallel corpora of particular languages, it is nowadays easier to collect data for research on forms of address as well as on expressions of politeness in the first half of the 21st century. Investigating the meaning of forms of address, which are part of linguistic repertoire used to express politeness and rudeness should be regarded as an interesting area of research. It is the consequence of the increasing importance of intercultural communication, expansion of international cooperation, and formation of new standards of interpersonal communication aimed at achieving mutual understanding without resorting to violence. It is worth mentioning that currently there are no bilingual dictionaries which would include practical rules for using forms of address. Moreover, dictionaries (especially bilingual ones) also do not list classifiers of politeness, which becomes a shortcoming as regards the purposes of translation and teaching foreign languages. The aforementioned problems apply to print as well as computer dictionaries. A reliable list of forms of address and their meaning may become helpful in intercultural communication. It would be also important to create a Contemporary Dictionary of Expressions of Politeness and Rudeness in a paper as well as a computer version.

3

“Lying, poets tell the truth …”. “The logical status of fictional discourse” by John Searle – a still possible solution to an old problem?

63%

Cyzman M.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

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2011

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vol. 20

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issue 4

317-326

EN

The purpose of this article is to consider an answer to the ques- tion whether Searle’s idea of sentence in a literary text is still relevant. Understanding literary utterances as specific speech acts, pretended illocu- tions, is inherent in the process of considering the sentence in a literary text in broader terms. Accordingly, it appears necessary to outline it. Ref- erence to other ideas formulated both in the theory of literature as a speech act [R. Ohmann, S. Levin] as well as in logic, ontology and the theory of literature [J. Pelc, H. Markiewicz, R. Ingarden] will render it possible to adequately place and assess Searle’s theory. Confronting Searle’s theory with the order in a literary work (the relation between the text and the literary work, the status of the presented world, the issue of reference and fiction) will in turn render it possible to determine how empirically adequate Searle’s theory is.

4

Dlaczego spowiedź jest spoko? O niektórych zmianach w języku współczesnej katechezy

63%

Wojtak M.

Poznańskie Spotkania Językoznawcze

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2010

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vol. 21

163-174

EN

The article treats of a catechetical handbook addressed to the youth, in which the essence of the sacrament of reconciliation has been presented. The handbook’s author applies the principles of integral catechesis i.e., one based on many sources, within the framework of advice-giving writing convention, which consists in rather clear and precise presentation of specific phenomena, convincing the readers to truthfulness and adequacy of a given vision and inducing them to change convictions and also attitudes towards the issues in question. Due to the filter of the genre, not all components of the language of integral catechesis can be found in the author’s narration. The catechesis turns more into an argument popularizing knowledge, reportage, colloquial storytelling. Additionally, it includes other intertextual references – to the rite, sacrament and to varied subcultural statements. Because the rules of subjective and objective appropriateness become mingled, the text may contain the elements of the language of theology applied functionally (especially terms), colloquial and slang forms. Catechesis, especially outside school, does not need to refer to stereotypical and dead formulas, diverting the audience from the subject of cognition.

5

Pytanie jako sposób realizacji funkcji perswazyjnej w przepowiadaniu homilijnym

63%

Brzozowski S.

Resovia Sacra : Studia Teologiczno-Filozoficzne Diecezji Rzeszowskiej

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2018

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issue 25

31-39

EN

The purpose of this paper is to indicate that among syntactic structures, used for shaping attitudes of recipients, aside from declarative and imperative sentences, a special place is occupied by questions. In the first part, basic concepts in the field of communication theory are discussed, in the second stage, different types of syntactic structures, that are appearing most commonly in homilies, are presented. The third part concerns questions that perform a conative function. In the last part, the results of analysis of the selected texts are presented. The question, as one of the syntactic forms, possesses an important persuasive value in homily preaching. A well-asked question influences the sphere of feelings, and this in turn stimulates the reason and will. The specifics of persuasiveness result from several factors, which are: type, formal shape, recipient, frequency of appearance, or order of the interrogative sentence. The art of asking questions can be a perfect tool for a homilist, if he uses it with in moderation. The material that was subject to analysis includes Lenten homilies addressed to children, youth and adults, which appeared in the “Współczesna Ambona”.

6

O śmianiu się z czegoś i z kogoś, czyli o przedmiotowym i podmiotowym znaczeniu czasownika śmiać się

62%

Banasiak D.

Polonica

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2020

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vol. 40

EN

The aim of this paper is to discuss the main syntactic and semantic features of the Polish predicate śmiać się (to laugh) within the theory of Semantic Syntax (Karolak 1984, 2002). It forms two, only seemingly similar, predicate-argument structures containing a prepositional phrase connected with the Polish preposition z + Gen. (at): 1) [ktoś] śmieje się z [kogoś ABSTR / czegoś ABSTR] ([somebody] laughs at [somebody ABSTR / something ABSTR]) and 2) [ktoś] śmieje się [z kogoś / czyjegoś], że_ ([somebody] laughs at [somebody / something what belongs to somebody] + SENT). The analysis shows they are different in terms of status and semantic roles of their arguments, axiological markedness, objective or subjective reference of the humour incorporated in the act of laughter. Also, they denote different semantic scenarios: the first means a vocal and facial reaction to ludic humour, the second constitutes a complex act of speech in which satirical, verbal or non-verbal humour is used as a pretext to communicate the agent’s disapproving judgment of the patient, or an antipathetic attitude towards it.

PL

Artykuł wpisuje się w nurt badań nad walencją polskich czasowników w oparciu o model struktur predykatowo-argumentowych opracowany przez Stanisława Karolaka. Jego celem jest analiza statusu formalnego oraz ról semantycznych argumentów przyłączanych przez predykat śmiać się za pomocą przyimka z. Analiza danych językowych pokazuje, że predykat ten konstytuuje w polszczyźnie dwie SPA: [ktoś] śmieje się z [kogoś ABSTR / czegoś ABSTR] i [ktoś] śmieje się [z kogoś / czyjegoś], że_ o odmiennych właściwościach formalnych, semantyce, nacechowaniu pod względem aksjologicznym oraz różnym odniesieniu – przedmiotowym lub podmiotowym – obecnego w akcie śmiechu komizmu. Znaczenie pierwszej z tych konstrukcji można ująć jako ‘wokalizacja będąca reakcją na komizm ludyczny’. W drugiej czasownik śmiać się jest derywatem semantycznym oznaczającym akt mowy będący ‘werbalnym lub niewerbalnym zachowaniem, w którym za pomocą satyrycznych środków komicznych komunikowana jest ujemna ocena osobowego obiektu lub niechęć wobec niego’.

7

Kłamanie jako akt mowy – kilka uwag z perspektywy filozoficzno-prawnej

51%

Kołodziejczyk J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

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2019

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vol. 87

143-154

EN

The article presents issues concerning the analysis of the nature (essence) of lies from the perspective of logical pragmatics. The conclusions were confronted with selected institutions of civil law, in order to show how law and jurisprudence perceive different forms of “lies” occurring on the basis of positive law.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące analizy natury (istoty) kłamstwa z perspektywy pragmatyki logicznej. Wnioski skonfrontowano z wybranymi instytucjami prawa cywilnego w celu wykazania, jak prawo i orzecznictwo postrzegają różne formy kłamstwa, występujące na gruncie prawa pozytywnego.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

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1 Logic and Logical Philosophy

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1 Resovia Sacra : Studia Teologiczno-Filozoficzne Diecezji Rzeszowskiej

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