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EN
The article is based on the research conducted at Silesian schools concerning the position and functioning of foreign students as well as the ones coming back from emigration in the Polish educational system. The article author analyses the adaptation mechanisms of the students and parents with migrant experiences as well as the needs of the receiving communities. The analysis is based on the material gathered through the conducted survey.
PL
Zdaniem autorki filmy zrealizowane na podstawie powieści Choderlosa de Laclos są odmienne niż powieść, a także nie podobne do siebie poza powierzchownie pojmowanymi związkami fabularnymi. Dzieje się tak nie tylko za sprawą twórczej zdrady, ale dlatego, że kino wpisało to dzieło w kontekst odmiennych kultur, umieszczając akcję w innych miejscach i okresach historycznych niż te, które proponował oryginał, a wreszcie transkrybując je na potrzeby innego medium. Prócz zmian, które twórcy chcieli wprowadzić, pojawiły się i takie, które wprowadzić musieli, realizując w efekcie kunsztowne wielokulturowe sploty. Autorka bierze pod uwagę głównie uwspółcześnione wersje powieści w reżyserii Rogera Vadima, Josée Dayan i Rogera Kumble’a, a także transkrypcję koreańską ("Untold Scandal "/reż. E J-Yong, 2003/) oraz film Miloša Formana "Valmont", w którym dopatruje się pryzmatu czeskiego spojrzenia. Zdaniem Helman uwspółcześnianie powieści de Laclosa wynikało z intencji dowodzenia, że gry miłosne ludzi nam współczesnych są nie mniej wyrafinowane i perfidne niż u bohaterów powieści. Zmiany wymuszone przez realia dzisiejszych czasów są oczywiście mniej ciekawe niż przesunięcia natury psychologicznej i kulturowej. W konkluzji pojawia się opinia, że tym, co szczególnie eksplorują twórcy filmowi, jest dokonana przez pisarza egzegeza zła i przyczyn, dla których człowiek znajduje w nim upodobanie. Jest to jednak szczególny rodzaj zła – zło seksualne.
EN
According to the author films based on Choderlos de Lacos’ novel are different from the book, and very different from one another, apart of course from the superficial similarities in the storyline. This is so, not only due to creative treason, but also because cinema placed this novel in the context of very different cultures, with the action taking place in very different places and historical periods, other than those appearing in the original. Finally there is the question of adapting the novel to the needs of a different medium. Apart from changes that were intentional on the part of the artists, there are also changes that they were forced to introduce, the effect of which was an intricate interweaving of cultures. The author focuses mainly on the modernized film versions of the novel such as those directed by Roger Vadim, Josée Dayan and Roger Kumble, but also the Korean transcription ('Untold Scandal', dir. E J-yong /2003/) and Miloš Forman’s 'Valmont', within which she sees a Czech gaze. According to Helman modernizing de Laclos’ novel is the result of a conviction that love games that contemporary people play are not less sophisticated and perfidious than those of the characters of the novel. The changes necessitated by the realities of today are obviously less interesting than those caused by psychological and cultural differences. Helman concludes that what the filmmakers particularly explore is the exegesis of evil carried out by the author, and his analysis of the reasons for people finding pleasure in it. The evil we are dealing with here, is however of a special kind – namely sexual evil.
EN
Theatre workshops are not only a creative and effective way to learn a foreign language but also a substantial cultural experience. The article reflects experiences gained by stagings during Summer School of Polish Language, Literature and Culture courses in Cieszyn (University of Silesia). The author introduces adaptation techniques used in transcoding literary works for foreign recipients. Adaptations result in the creation of a new (different) quality of works – sometimes even very loosely based on the original.
PL
Warsztaty teatralne to nie tylko kreatywny i skuteczny sposób nauczania języka obcego, lecz także bogate doświadczenie kulturowe. W artykule opisano doświadczenia inscenizacji zdobyte podczas letnich kursów języka polskiego, literatury i kultury polskiej w Cieszynie (Uniwersytet Śląski). Autorka przedstawia techniki adaptacyjne stosowane w transkodowaniu utworów literackich dla zagranicznych odbiorców. Adaptacje skutkują powstaniem nowej (innej) jakości prac, niekiedy nawet bardzo luźno opartych na oryginale.
EN
This article focuses on the formation of the Estonian community in Brazil at the beginning of the 20th century. There were three waves of migration: the first decade of the 20th century, the time between the two world wars and the migration of Estonian refugees after World War II. Allegedly, the first Estonians reached Brazil at the beginning of the 19th century, although this is very unlikely. The first documented case is a sailor named Jüri Jürison, who visited Rio de Janeiro during his voyage from Kronstadt to Vladivostok in 1865. The first Estonian who resided in Brazil was a missionary named Hans Tiismann, who worked as a reverend in Santa Cruz in the years 1875-1884. The first evidence of the permanent Estonian population dates from 1902. The first larger group of Estonians arrived in Brazil in 1906 and immigration continued in subsequent years. The Brazilian states, especially Sao Paolo, were on constant promotion tours in Europe in order to attract more manpower to Brazil. It is not known how many Estonians reached Brazil at the beginning of the 20th century, but based on an estimate, the number could have been between 500 and 1000. Quite a large number of them were inhabitants of Estonian communes from other parts of the Russian Empire and many of them were Baptists. Due to the difficult conditions over there, several of those who had migrated to Brazil returned to their homeland after a few years. The article describes the causes of Estonians’ emigration to Brazil, the composition of migrants, group size, and adaptation in their new homeland. Also the article examines the promotional brochure written by Johann Gutmann, which had a strong influence on migrants.
EN
In the paper a state of art in contemporary psychology of human development is presented. Considerations are concentrated on two issues: the nature and mechanisms of developmental changes. Regarding the nature, we show a shift in research from a study on stable and universal changes to not regular and unique changes. Regarding the developmental mechanism, we try to describe a shift from research concentrated on reactivity to research on own activity of individual in relation with environments. The main thesis of the paper is statement, that psychology of development belongs to the sciences of life, and according to it, should to search for specific rules of change in human functioning and development. The holistic-interactive, functional and relative approaches are indicated as a most effective in this kind of studies.
EN
The article concerns opinions on Poles evacuated from Donbass in 2015. To bring the above matter closer, press articles available online have been reviewed, and Internet users’ comments posted under them analyzed. Some of them strongly opposed the admission of refugees from eastern Ukraine and accepting them to their local communities. Defining them as refugees, they refused to help them, for example in providing housing while the indigenous people have to wait for years for the allocation of a communal flat. They also questioned the Polish nationality of the arrivals. Other comments were of quite the opposite nature. They expressed their conviction that the Polish state has obligations to Poles from the East and it should receive them, rather than migrants from other cultural backgrounds.
EN
The article discusses the stagings of George Sand’s plays at Government Theatres of Warsaw in the 19th century (“Mauprat,” “Le marquis de Villemer,” “Académie de l’art poétique,” “Le mariage de Victorine”). The play that achieved the greatest success was “Mauprat,” staged almost continuously at the Teatr Wielki from 1856 to 1878. The success was due to the tastes of the Warsaw audience, sensitive to the achievements of the Romantic theatre and attached to their stage “stars”: in the case of “Mauprat,” the beloved “star” was Jan Królikowski, who frequently appeared as John Mauprat during the 20-year staging period. The article presents the traits of “Mauprat”’s adaptation and translation by Jan Tomasz Seweryn Jasiński (based on the available theatrical copies of the play), as well as theatrical reviews appearing in the press at that time, concerned with all of Sand’s plays which were staged in Warsaw.
EN
The problem of assessing of child’s adaptation level to the conditions of preschool educational establishments, the warning of possible problems that can appear during this period inevitably puts before the participants of the educational process the task of determining the adaptation criteria and indicators, choice of appropriate diagnostic tools, distribution of children for adaptation groups and the development and implementation of children educational support system. The article is devoted to the problem of children’s adaptation to preschool educational establishments. Some of the results of conducted observation research are highlighted in it. In particular, the adaptation criteria and indicators were defined by the author for the diagnostics of adaptation level, namely: the physiological parameters (overall health, frequency and duration of the disease, peculiarities of the appetite, motor activity, specific features of sleep process, the course and duration of daytime sleep); the relation to cognitive activity (the activity in the game practice, interest to the educational process); the peculiarities of communicative activities (verbal activity, interaction with adults and with peers, social skills); the characteristic of the emotional states (the child’s behavior at the time of separation from parents, general emotional state, motivational readiness to visit preschool educational establishments, preference of negative or positive emotions). Theoretical study of literature sources showed that the number of methods by which to study the process of adaptation of children to preschool educational institutions is rather limited. Therefore, during the diagnostics of the levels of adaptation of the children we used the following methods: a survey of educators and parents; the social emotions test developed by M. Lusher; the method of determining the mental condition of the children of V. Manova-Tomova; monitoring of the activities and behavior of children in different periods of time; conversations with children and parents. For the level of children’s adaptability the author conventionally divided them into three groups. The first group includes children who are relatively easy adapting to kindergarten. The second group is characterized by a long period of adaptation and inconsistency of their behavior to the requirements of educational environment. The third group includes the children whose adaptation process is associated with considerable difficulties.
EN
Literature is often used to teach Polish as foreign language. The article discusses adaptation of literature for students with different level of Polish language acquisition, especially about adaptation of Polish poetry to check and practice a pronunciation. Most of the poems are presented in new contexts. Texts which are popular among Polish children are very helpful in teaching Polish phonology and phonetics. Polish children’s poetry can be used by foreign students to improve their pronunciation better through individual practice or during classes.
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I dalej nie wiemy, co to jest stres?

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EN
The notion of stress was introduced to science by Hans Selye. In medical nomenclature stress is a homeostasis disorder due to physical or psychological factors. These factors can cause a formation of different functional, morphological and psychological changes. Universally, stress is recognized as a harmful phenomenon. Undesirable conditions bring on strong or chronic stress. Many researchers recognize stress as a basic development factor. The notion of stress today is still inexplicable ad finem.
Gender Studies
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2015
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vol. 14
|
issue 1
1-11
EN
In Julie Taymor’s film version of Shakespeare’s The Tempest (2010), Prospero is changed into a female, Prospera. As almost all the original lines and plots are retained, the film would appear to be a ‘straight’ film version of Shakespeare. However, changing the sex of the main character sheds a new light on the original play and proves the film to be an inspiring adaptation. By examining the relationship between the female characters (Prospera, Miranda) and the non-humans (Caliban, Ariel) in the film, this paper will show how deeply sexuality is related to the power struggle and the final reconciliation.
EN
The paper argues that an evolutionary approach would contribute to a better understanding of development. Analyzing adaptive mechanisms and their dysfunctions, new ways can be opened in categorizing mental disorders and also in therapies. The evolutionary approach does not mean to introduce new theories or therapeutic methodologies into psychotherapy. Instead it suggests new strategies of understanding based on the laws of human nature. It places pathology onto the dimension of adaptation. It claims that developmental history and adaptation should be considered when understanding pathology. The paper also argues that a diagnostics which is based on categorization of symptoms should be replaced by a diagnostics which concentrates on organization of adaptive systems.
Linguaculture
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2014
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vol. 2014
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issue 1
89-101
EN
This article offers a view as to why Jerome Bruner should become an important figure in future constructions of adaptation theory. It will be divided into three sections. In the first, I discuss in more detail his notions of transformation, paying particular attention to the ways in which we redefine ourselves to cope with different situations (as I did while visiting two specific museums in Vienna and Samos). The second will examine Bruner’s belief in the power of narrative or storytelling as ways to impose order on the uncertainties of life (as well as one’s expectations from it) that renders everyone authors of their own adaptations. In the final section I suggest that the capacity for “making stories” (Bruner’s term) assumes equal importance in psychological terms as it does for the screenwriter or adapter: all of us construct narratives through a process of individual distillation of experiences and information, and subsequently refine them through group interaction. Through this process we understand more about ourselves and our relationship to the world around us. I elaborate this notion through a brief case-study of Charlie Kaufman’s screenplay for the film Adaptation (2002).
Studia Humana
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2016
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vol. 5
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issue 4
64-73
EN
Cognitive approach towards the study of religion is a good and promising way. However, I think that this approach is too narrow and it would be better to use some basic concepts of CSR as a starting point for further, not cognitive explanation of religious. I suppose that religious beliefs should be explained also by their pragmatic functions because they were probably always associated with some pragmatic purposes at the group or at the individual levels. To develop further this last approach, the good explanatory way is the evolutionary study of religion.
Mäetagused
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2012
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vol. 50
113-140
EN
The article is concerned with the adaptation narratives of Estonians, who arrived in Australia after World War II. The adaptation stories reveal that people who arrived at different times had to adapt to all possible settings, make relevant changes in themselves, their beliefs and physical space. Presumably, adaptation depends on the migration policy of the country, presence of personal support network, personal choices, personality traits and people’s learning capacity. Excerpts from longer chains of narratives have been chosen to characterise arrival and modes of adaptation into the new environment; also, language use and single controversial customs have been highlighted.
EN
Emotions appeared very early in phylogenetic and ontogenetic development. The word emotion originates from the Latin verb movere. However, attempts to distinguish and name the concept represented by the phrase emotion reach back to the beginnings of human language. The compound and subjective nature of emotions stress an essential aspect of this phenomenon, which leads to changes in physiological, psychological, and behavioral issues. World literature dedicates significant attention to the mutual associations between the cognitive and adaptive processes and emotions. Emotions help to estimate the adaptational meaning of stimuli. Its cognitive aspect is, however, just as significant. The review of the literature presented herein is an attempt to classify and evaluate particular emotions, both positive and negative, and the influence they have on physical and mental health. Paul Ekman, the author of one of the more esteemed classification attempts, has distinguished six basic emotions: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. These universal emotions are recognized based on emotional facial expressions, the automatic reactions that unfold within microseconds. Robert Plutchik, on the other hand, devised his „emotion wheel” upon which he organized eight basic emotions by grouping them in pairs comprising a combination of positive and negative emotions. He is also the author of one of the best framed emotional combination theories. In this respect, emotions play a crucial role as compound model reactions to everyday situations such as a long-lasting effort ensuring survival and individual development.
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EN
The article deals with the forms of the adaption of vernacular buildings situated in the upper part of the Ore Mountains to cold climate. Unfavourable climatic conditions in the mountainous areas were a significantly restricting factor, especially in terms of agriculture and permanent settlement. The Ore Mountains folk house is a result of the century-long adaptation to cold climate, and as such it includes a set of purposeful measures. These could be seen in the layout and construction of the house (a compact house with integrated shed, specific forms of roof) and materials used (boarding or shingle-panelling to protect gables and half-timbered walls, shingle or thatch roofs). Different architectural elements, which were conditioned by the local climate and were typical for the traditional architecture in the Ore Mountains, developed there (wind porch, bay toilet, another entrance on the second floor).
Linguistica Pragensia
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2022
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vol. 32
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issue 1
5-15
EN
Not just diachronic change or synchronic variability in linguistic structure, but also the shape of speakers’ expressive strategies for navigating natural verbal interaction can be seen as reflections of the fundamental human capacity for adapting to novel communicative circumstances. The adjustments are observable at all layers of language — sounds, prosody, lexical changes, shifts in grammatical organization — and also pose questions concerning adaptation at both the individual and community levels. In this introductory framing of the present volume, the conceptual underpinnings of the quest for adequate explanations of adaptive processes are consistent with a set of assumptions that are associated with, broadly speaking, ‘socio-cognitive’ approaches to language: (i) socio-pragmatic and cultural grounding of verbal interaction, (ii) reference to domain-general cognitive capacities, and (iii) emergence of linguistic categories and their organization from recurring patterns of use. Linguistic analysis focused on the adaptive aspects of language and language use thus aims at capturing the speakers’ interactional competence; this includes both narrowly linguistic aspects and non-linguistic patterns of behavior, which, taken together, help us understand better all the factors involved in successful communication.
EN
Paper presents results of research on the impact of age management method on professional adaptation process of young personnel in coal mining. The studies and analysis show that the age management method has a significant impact on shaping professional and social attitudes of young mining personnel, Impact of age management method is particularly noticeable in the context of work safety, professional skills development and workplace organization improvement. The interaction between generations is an important element in process of organizational and technical mines development
EN
The objective of this study is to present the opinions of Ukrainian secondary school students, living in a boarding school in Lublin, on their adaptation to the new environment while studying in Poland. The questionnaire method was used, which offered an insight into particular aspects of adaptation for their studying abroad, e.g., coping with being parted from their family, managing free time, adjusting to the new educational environment, viewing the Polish society, as well as observing differences and similarities between the Polish and Ukrainian culture. The collected data point to a need to intensify educational activity promoting the space of mutual understanding between the citizens of the neighbouring countries. The problems revealed in this study show that the educational migration of Ukrainian students to Poland requires implementing a long-term and systemic educational policy that would shape multicultural competence of the Polish society.
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